中国旧石器时代手斧的特点与意义
Characteristics and Significance of Paleolithic Handaxes from China
查看参考文献58篇
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文摘
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手斧的存在与否及其意义是我国史前考古学界长期争论的问题。中国旧石器时代遗存中存在着手斧这一类器物,但它们在形态、技术、组合关系、丰度上与旧大陆西侧有很大区别;大多数手斧与手镐应属同质异型,是中国乃至东南亚砾石石器文化中居于从属地位的特定成员,是更新世生活在热带-亚热带的先民开发利用植物根茎食材的大型挖掘工具。他们在渊源上有本土砾石文化的根基,可能受到小规模人群迁徙和文化交流的影响,体现着"本土起源+外来影响"的融合发展过程。中国的手斧存在着材料的不完备性和研究的肤浅性,体现在绝大多数标本的地层和时代归属不明,研究多停留在对少数"典型标本"主观定性的层面,缺乏全面客观的材料分析和详实的观测、统计数据,很多争论缘于缺乏共同遵循的类型学标准,陷入表层的术语纷争。未来的研究必须加强地层、年代和形态、技术分析的基础性工作,充分运用现代科技手段提取信息和数据,并从理论层面深入揭示手斧这类遗存所蕴含的先民生存与演化的意义。 |
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其他语种文摘
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The "handaxe issue" has been discussed and debated for a long time in Paleolithic research in China.As claimed by some researchers,handaxes have been discovered at some Middle Pleistocene localities in southern and central China and regarded as evidence to invalidate the hypothesis of the so-called "Movius Line" and to suggest that there is no obvious technological and typological difference between the East and the West in the remote past.However,most of the Chinese handaxes have been collected only from some isolated sites as surface finds,mainly in the Bose Basin in the Guangxi Autonomous Region and the Han-LuoDan Region in southeastern Shaanxi Province and northwestern Hubei Province.Stratigraphic information and chronometric results are known for exceptional cases.The number of handaxes is also limited for any given site,and most of them are products of casual and simple retouch with hardly any standardized size and overall shape.Therefore,they are different from Acheulian handaxes present in Africa and the western Eurasia in the Lower Paleolithic.This paper reviews the history of research on the handaxe issue in China,presents different ideas and propositions,and analyzes the nature of the arguments and the weakness of data sets.It points out that most of the Chinese handaxes should be functionally the same with another type of heavy duty tool,the pick,which are large digging tools(LDT) of Pleistocene human groups living in tropical and subtropical environments exploiting plant food resources,and part of the toot-kit of pebble tool tradition in central and southern China.They might have their local origins with possible western influence.The significance of this kind of stone tool in Pleistocene China and East Asia plus future research directions are also discussed. |
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来源
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人类学学报
,2012,31(2):97-112 【核心库】
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关键词
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手斧
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类型学标准
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砾石工具体系
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阿舍利技术
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“本土起源+外来影响”
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地址
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中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所人类演化实验室, 北京, 100044
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语种
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中文 |
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文献类型
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研究性论文 |
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ISSN
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1000-3193 |
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基金
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中国科学院战略性先导科技专项
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中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目
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国家科技基础性工作专项
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文献收藏号
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CSCD:4535746
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