黄河源区玛多县草地退化成因分析
Analysis of formation causes of grassland degradation in Maduo County in the source region of Yellow River

摆万奇 ¹ 张镱锂 ¹ 谢高地 ¹ 沈振西 ²

文摘	对黄河区玛多县草地退化的自然和人为因素作了深入分析。结果表明，过度放牧是导致玛多县草地退化的主要原因，自20世纪80年代末期以来，玛多县温度和降水较历史平均水平均有较大幅度的提高，其中温度增加表现为明显的暖冬现象，降水增加集中在春夏两季，水热条件的变化是向着利于草地恢复的方向发展的，由于玛多县是一个纯牧业县，扩大畜群数量是经济增长的必然选择，加上人口压力和当地藏族居民的传统价值观，驱使牧畜数量不断扩大，并在70年代末达到最大值，此后长期维持过牧状态，造成草地持续退化，过牧在导致草地退化的同时，也为鼠类的侵入创造了条件，从而加强了退化过程。
其他语种文摘	Natural and artificial factors of grassland degradation in Maduo County in source region of Yellow River were an-alyzed in this paper. The results showed that overgrazing was the major reason for grassland degradation. Com-pared with historical average, annual temperature and precipitation in Maduo had an obvious rise since the end of 1980s. Temperature rise concentrated in winter, and precipitation rise concentrated in spring and summer. Therefore, the change in water and heat condition was advantageous to grass growth there. Maduo was a county totally dependent on stock raising, and enlarging livestock population was the only choice (or economic develop-ment. Together with the pressure of population growth and local Tibetan's traditional value, the number of live-stock had been increased continuously, and finally reached summit in the end of 1970s. Since then, the grassland had been kept in the state of overgrazing and degradation, which also created favorable condition for the invasion of pikas, and thus sped up the process of degradation.
来源	应用生态学报 ,2002,13(7):823-826 【核心库】
关键词	黄河源区 ; 玛多县 ; 草地退化 ; 气候变化 ; 过度放牧
地址	1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 北京, 100101 2. 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所, 西宁, 810008
语种	中文
文献类型	研究性论文
ISSN	1001-9332
学科	畜牧、动物医学、狩猎、蚕、蜂
基金	北京大学城市与环境 ; 北京师范大学环境演变与自然灾害教育部重点实验室基金 ; 北京师范大学基金 ; 青海省项目 ; 长江源头地区生态环境建设骨干工程项目可行性研究报告（内部资料）
文献收藏号	CSCD:1114749