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基于从业人口数据的长江三角洲内部职能分工与空间集聚特征
Internal functional division and spatial clustering in the Yangtze River Delta: Based on workforce data

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宋伟轩 1   陈雯 1 *   陈培阳 2  
文摘 以长江三角洲地区为研究对象,基于2000年、2010年两次全国人口普查数据中10%抽样数据,以长三角139个区县为基本空间单元,提取出各区县按“行业门类”划分的行业从业人口信息,合并归纳为7种职能类型,从结构属性和空间属性两个层面分析长江三角洲内部职能分工与空间集聚特征。首先采取洛伦茨曲线和地理集中度指数(EG),测度区域内各职能规模分异与空间集聚程度,然后以职能区位熵为基础数据进行各区县职能空间聚类分析,考察各职能集聚区的空间布局及变化情况。研究发现:从全国层面来看,长三角地区整体上以“商务商贸”和“工业”为主要职能,并且存在进一步强化的趋势,农业职能则持续弱化;长三角内部职能分工结构存在不断专业化的趋势,“商务商贸”、“现代物流”和“教育科研”等专业化服务职能逐步向上海、南京、杭州三大中心城市核心区集中,而“工业”职能集聚区集中分布在沪宁轴线地区,并逐渐向沿江地区和杭州湾沿岸地区转移和扩散。
其他语种文摘 Urban function has always been one of the hot-spot subjects having attracted the attention of domestic and overseas geographical circles. China has mainly followed the steps of western countries in researching the issue of urban function, but has seldom made original explorations. In addition, China's researches on urban function are unnecessarily confined to the classification of the functions and lack overall measurement of regional urban function systems and their complementation. In recent years, along with the emergence of integrated regions, the research on the urban functions of the regions with high integration degree such as the Yangtze River Delta has become a hot topic. With the Yangtze River Delta as research object, 139 districts and counties in the region as basic spatial units, based on the 10% sampling survey data among the national census data in 2000 and 2010, this paper has extracted the information on industrial workforce population divided by "industrial type" of each district and county, consolidated and reduced them into seven functional types, and analyzed the internal functional division and spatial clustering characteristics of the Yangtze River Delta from two lateral layers, namely, structure attribute and space attribute. This paper first measured the scale differentiation and spatial clustering degree of each function in the region by means of Lorenz curve and Ellison-Glaeser index(EG), and then analyzed the spatial clustering of functions in each district and county with functional location entropy as basic data, and surveyed the spatial distribution and change of each function clustering district. The research shows that, as seen at national level, in the Yangtze River Delta, "commerce and trade" and "industry" are generally the main functions, showing the trend of being further strengthened, while agricultural function is being weakened continuously. The internal functional division structure in the Yangtze River Delta shows the trend of constant professionalization, and professionalized service functions like "commerce and trade", "modern logistics", and "education and scientific research", etc., are gradually centralized in the core areas of three central cities, Shanghai, Nanjing and Hangzhou, while the districts clustered with "industry" function are distributed in Shanghai-Nanjing axle areas, and are gradually transferred and spread to the areas along the Yangtze River and the coastal areas of Hangzhou Bay. Along with the deepening of regional integration development, the functions born by individual units in the Yangtze River Delta are being gradually transformed in professionalized direction, and also, the same functions have gradually clustered in similar spatial location, forming a spatial clustering district featured by some professional function. The professional service functions such as regional business, commerce and trade, logistics, education, and scientific research, etc., will be increasingly centralized in central cities, and it's easy to form a manufacturing clustering district in the areas close to central cities. Generally speaking, the areas having stronger relationship with central city Shanghai in the Yangtze River Delta have higher degree of functional professionalization. With the scales of workforces in different industries, as shown in the previous two census of population, as preliminary data, this paper can approximately reflect the pattern of functional division in internal regions of the Yangtze River Delta, but meanwhile, it has certain deficiencies. For example, it neglects the differences among labor-intensive and technique- and capital-intensive industries in terms of employment rate and labor productivity, etc. These deficiencies need to be corrected in the future research by subdividing industrial categories, introducing economic data, and so on.
来源 地理科学进展 ,2013,32(9):1374-1382 【核心库】
关键词 从业人口 ; 城市职能 ; 区县尺度 ; 职能集聚区 ; 长江三角洲
地址

1. 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所, 南京, 210008  

2. 苏州大学建筑与城市环境学院, 苏州, 215123

语种 中文
文献类型 研究性论文
ISSN 1007-6301
学科 自然地理学
基金 国家自然科学基金重点项目 ;  中国科学院“一三五”重点项目
文献收藏号 CSCD:4951751

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