多参照系条件下信息获取方式对绝对方位判断的影响
How Information Presentation Affect Absolute Direction Judgments Based on Spatial Reference Frames
查看参考文献25篇
|
文摘
|
把参照系整合基础上的绝对方位判断分解成路径获取过程(目标位置信息)、自身定向过程(前行方向信息)和物体定位过程(目标物体相对于参照物体的方位信息),系统地考察了多参照系条件下信息获取方式对该任务的影响。研究以视觉形式呈现空间信息,实验1 a和1b的任务中均包括上述三个过程,前者以地图的形式呈现前行方向信息、后者以语词的形式直接呈现前行方向信息;实验2有两个任务,分别独立于路径描述(定位后判断)和自身定位(定向后判断)。所有任务均为目标位置(R0°-前、R45°-左前/右前、R90°-左/右、R135°-左后/右后,R180°-后)×前行方向(北、东南西、斜方向)的组内设计,因变量为正确率和判断时间为主,共有64名大学生被试(男女各半)参与实验。发现:0°和180°位置优势效应、朝北优势效应在所有任务中都很明显;实验1和定向后判断任务中存在正方向R90°位置优势效实;定位后判断时间短于定向后判断时间,但总体所用时间上没有差异。结合信息获取的方式和可能使用到的判断策略,从绝对方位判断的认知结构等方面展开了讨论。把参照系整合基础上的绝对方位判断分解成路径获取过程(目标位置信息)、自身定向过程(前行方向信息)和物体定位过程(目标物体相对于参照物体的方位信息),系统地考察了多参照系条件下信息获取方式对该任务的影响。研究以视觉形式呈现空间信息,实验1 a和1b的任务中均包括上述三个过程,前者以地图的形式呈现前行方向信息、后者以语词的形式直接呈现前行方向信息;实验2有两个任务,分别独立于路径描述(定位后判断)和自身定位(定向后判断)。所有任务均为目标位置(R0°-前、R45°-左前/右前、R90°-左/右、R135°-左后/右后,R180°-后)×前行方向(北、东南西、斜方向)的组内设计,因变量为正确率和判断时间为主,共有64名大学生被试(男女各半)参与实验。发现:0°和180°位置优势效应、朝北优势效应在所有任务中都很明显;实验1和定向后判断任务中存在正方向R90°位置优势效实;定位后判断时间短于定向后判断时间,但总体所用时间上没有差异。结合信息获取的方式和可能使用到的判断策略,从绝对方位判断的认知结构等方面展开了讨论。 |
|
其他语种文摘
|
People cannot maintain his/her orientation or specify a spatial location without using,at least basically,a frame of reference..Egocentric reference frame and allocentric/exocentric reference frame are used most coordinately and frequently for the purpose of successful navigation.Many recent studies have focused on how and why misalignment and target position relative to reference object affect cardinal direction judgments.In these studies,participants see a north-up map indicating one observer's heading relative to a ground target,which was presented as camera scene with corresponding forward view.A typical task is to determine the cardinal direction between two objects in the scene.They have reported 0°(up) and 180°(bottom) advantage effect and mismatch effect.However these studies have little consideration about information processing and many of them only use cardinal direction task.In the current study,we defined three types of navigation components: specifying paths from reference object to target object(route specifying),identifying one's own heading(heading identifying),and determining the direction of the target object in the scene(direction determining).We aimed to investigate whether different component's processing could influence the aforementioned effects on absolute direction judgment.Different information presenting orders were used in corresponding experiments. Two within-subject experiments were conducted.Participants were asked to use a map/direction-word to determine the absolute direction(i.e.,North,Northeast) between two objects in a visual scene.Information processing in Exp.1 contained all three components with heading presented in a map in Exp.1a and direction-word(i.e.,Southeast) in Exp.1b.Exp.2 contained two kinds of task with one route specifying component(Task-R) and the other heading identifying component(Task-H).Each task was presented on a computer screen and had 8 target position(0°/up,45°(R45°),90°(R90°),135°(R135°),180°,225°(R135°),270°(R 90°),and 315°/left-up(R45°)) and 8 heading(North(N),Northeast(NE),East(E),Southeast(SE),South(S),Southwest(SW),West(W),Northwest(NW)).Participants used the number pad on the keyboard to show directions,for example pressing 8 for N and 9 for NE.Accuracy and response time were collected by E-prime as judgment performance.A total of 64 college students participated in this study to complete three trials(64 problems per trial).Repeated measures statistical analysis was used. The main finding could be summarized as follows:(1) the North direction advantage effect was found for all tasks and the pattern could be described as N < E / S / W < Non-canonical direction(< means shorter response time,and / means no significant difference);(2) the response time was shortest at the 0°/up position(except for Exp.1a and 1b where no significant difference was found between 0° and 180°/bottom position) and the advantage effect at 180°/bottom position was more evident for Task-H and Task-R(i.e.,R180° < R45°,R90° and R135°) than for Exp.1a and 1b(i.e.,R180° < R90° and R135°);(3) the Canonical direction-R90° advantage effect,which means the left/right position advantage effect depends on the canonical direction,was found for Exp 1a and 1b and Task-H.This effect was first reported in our studies. In absolute direction judgment,the traditional effect patterns have not changed by different ways to present information components.However the current findings,especially the discovery of Canonical direction-R90° advantage effect,would help shed light on the understanding of cognitive structure for absolute direction judgments.Future work should pay more attention to cognitive strategies for this new effect.Our work could be applied to personnel selection and training,and designing interface display for navigation assistance. |
|
来源
|
心理学报
,2008,40(11):1137-1148 【核心库】
|
|
关键词
|
信息获取方式
;
自我参照
;
环境参照
;
绝对方位判断
|
|
地址
|
1.
北京航空航天大学经济管理学院, 北京, 100083
2.
中国科学院心理研究所, 脑与认知国家重点实验室, 北京, 100101
|
|
语种
|
中文 |
|
ISSN
|
0439-755X |
|
学科
|
社会科学总论 |
|
基金
|
国家自然科学基金
|
|
文献收藏号
|
CSCD:3439714
|
参考文献 共
25
共2页
|
|
1.
Anderson J R. An integrated theory of the mind.
Psychological Review,2004,111:1036-1060
|
CSCD被引
28
次
|
|
|
|
|
2.
Aretz A J. The design of electronic map displays.
Human Factors,1991,33(1):85-101
|
CSCD被引
4
次
|
|
|
|
|
3.
Avraamidas M. Functional equivalence of spatial reprasentations derived from vision and langnage:Evidence from allocentric judgments.
Journal of Experimental Psychology:Human Learning Memory&Cognition,2004,30:801-814
|
CSCD被引
1
次
|
|
|
|
|
4.
Baker D P. Encoding categorical and coordinate spatial relations without input-output correlations:New simulation models.
Cognitive Science,1999,23(1):33-51
|
CSCD被引
4
次
|
|
|
|
|
5.
Franklin N. Searching imagined environments.
Journal of Experimental Psychology:General,1990,119(1):63-76
|
CSCD被引
18
次
|
|
|
|
|
6.
Gugerty L. Reference-frame misalignment and cardinal direction judgments:Group differences and strategies.
Journal of experimental psychology:Applied,2004,10(2):75-68
|
CSCD被引
5
次
|
|
|
|
|
7.
Gugerty L. A cognitive model of strategies for cardinal direction judgments.
Spatial Cognition and Computation,2007,72(2):179-212
|
CSCD被引
3
次
|
|
|
|
|
8.
Huttenlocher J. Categories and particulars:Prototype effects in estimating spatial location.
Psychological Review,1998:352-376
|
CSCD被引
2
次
|
|
|
|
|
9.
Mou W. Frames of reference in spatial memories acquired from language.
Journal of Experimental Psychology:Learning Memory and Cognition,2004,30:171-180
|
CSCD被引
6
次
|
|
|
|
|
10.
Wraga M. Updating displays after imagined object and viewer rotations.
Journal of Experimental Psychology:Learning,2000,26(1):151-168
|
CSCD被引
8
次
|
|
|
|
|
11.
郭志刚.
社会统计分析分法--SPSS软件应用,1999
|
CSCD被引
1
次
|
|
|
|
|
12.
杨家忠. 空间主方位判断的训练和方位效应.
心理科学,2004,27(6):1322-1325
|
CSCD被引
2
次
|
|
|
|
|
13.
周荣刚. 基于线索的视觉空间关系判断.
心理学报,2004,36(2):127-132
|
CSCD被引
3
次
|
|
|
|
|
14.
周荣刚. 基于参照系整合的想象空间方位转化判断.
人类工效学,2005,11(2):7-12
|
CSCD被引
3
次
|
|
|
|
|
15.
周荣刚. 自我参照和环境参照整合过程中的主方位判断.
心理学报,2005,37(3):298-307
|
CSCD被引
3
次
|
|
|
|
|
16.
Gugerty L. Seeing where you arc heading:Integrating Environmental and egocentric reference frames in cardinal direction judgments.
Journal of experimental psychology:Applied,2001,7(3):251-266
|
CSCD被引
5
次
|
|
|
|
|
17.
Gunzelmann G. Orientation Tasks Involving Mukiplc Views of Space:Strategies and.
Performance Spatial Cognition and Computation,2004,4(3):209-256
|
CSCD被引
1
次
|
|
|
|
|
18.
Zhou R. Impact of Mental Rotation Strategy on Absolute Direction Judgments:Supplementing Conventional Measures with Eye Movanent Data.
Human～Computer Interaction,Part Ⅲ,HCH 2007,LNCS4552,2007:789-798
|
CSCD被引
2
次
|
|
|
|
|
19.
Gugerty L. Keeping north in mind:How navigators reason about cardinal directions.
Proceeding of the IEA 2000/HFES2000 Congress 1,2000:148-151
|
CSCD被引
1
次
|
|
|
|
|
20.
Huttenlocher J. Why do categories affect stimulus judgment?.
Journal of Experimental Psychology:General,2000,129:220-241
|
CSCD被引
1
次
|
|
|
|
|
了解气象卫星更多信息，请访问