干旱对陆地生态系统水碳过程的影响研究进展
Effects of Drought on Ecosystem Carbon and Water Processes： a Review at Different Scales
查看参考文献75篇
|
文摘
|
在全球气候变化与生态系统研究领域中，干旱对生态系统水碳过程的影响越来越受到重视。在植物个体水平上，干旱会引起植物叶片气孔导度降低，溶质含量增加，叶片变厚、地下生物量比例增加等以减少水分损失。与此同时，植物叶片的光合速率也因气孔导度的降低而下降。适度的干旱通常会使植物利用效率得到提高。不同植物具有不同的水分利用策略，它们的生理和形态特征对干旱的响应表现出显著的差异性：在群落或生态系统水平上，干旱会影响群落冠层的生理特性以及群落的结构组成。从而引起生态系统的水碳循环过程的改变。主要体现为植被的光合速率、呼吸速率、蒸腾速率降低，而生态系统的水分利用效率在极端干旱条件下也可能降低。受干旱影响．植物群落耐早植物所占比例增加，群落的物种多样性和生产力也会降低。尽管目前有关干旱对生态系统水碳过程影响在各个层面都已涉及，但这些研究内容多是彼此孤立的。为了深入认识生态系统对干旱的响应机理。还需要结合多种技术手段，综合考虑生态系统水循环、碳循环、氮循环等多过程间的耦合关系，并建立生态系统不同层次间和时间尺度间机理联系的理论体系。 |
|
其他语种文摘
|
In the background of global climate change, the effect of drought on ecosystem structure and function has been paid more and more attention to. In this paper, for the purpose of presenting approaches to elucidate the mechanism of drought effects on ecosystem processes, we reviewed the effects of drought on carbon/water processes at individual level and community level. At the individual level, drought can make plant change its physiological and morphological traits to conserve water, such as decreasing stomata conductance, increasing solute content, changing stomata density and size, increasing specific leaf area and belowground biomass allocation, etc. In addition, different plants have different water-use strategies. Their physiological and morphological traits responding to drought are apparently distinct. At the community level, similarly, drought can change vegetations physiology and structure, such as photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration, water use efficiency, biodiversity, productivity et al. Despite that most aspects of drought effects on ecosystem are included in current studies, they are isolated from each other. To fully understand how ecosystem responds to drought, it is essential to combine all methods available, to synthetically study the processes coupling with each other (e.g. carbon cycle, water cycle and nitrogen cycle), and to construct a theoretical system to connect different time scales ( from minute to decade) and levels (from leaf to ecosystem). |
|
来源
|
地理科学进展
,2006,25(6):12-20 【核心库】
|
|
关键词
|
气候变化
;
水循环
;
碳循环
;
水分利用效率
;
干旱胁迫
|
|
地址
|
中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所中国生态系统研究网络练台研究中心, 中国科学院生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室, 北京, 100101
|
|
语种
|
中文 |
|
文献类型
|
研究性论文 |
|
ISSN
|
1007-6301 |
|
学科
|
地球物理学;大气科学(气象学) |
|
基金
|
国家自然科学基金
;
国家973计划
;
中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目
|
|
文献收藏号
|
CSCD:2666964
|
参考文献 共
75
共4页
|
|
1.
Houghton J T. van der Linden P J Dai X Maskell K Johnson C A.
"Climate Change 2001:The Scientific Basis",2001
|
CSCD被引
1
次
|
|
|
|
|
2.
Weltzin J F. Assessing the response of terrestrial ecosystems to potential changes in precipitation.
BioScience,2003,53:941-952
|
CSCD被引
131
次
|
|
|
|
|
3.
IPCC.
Climate Change 2001:The Scientific Basis,2001
|
CSCD被引
66
次
|
|
|
|
|
4.
Knapp A K. Rainfall variability carbon cycling and plant species diversity in a mesic grassland.
Science,2002,298:2202-2205
|
CSCD被引
124
次
|
|
|
|
|
5.
Baldocchi D. The carbon cycle under stress.
Nature,2005,437:483-484
|
CSCD被引
4
次
|
|
|
|
|
6.
Ciais Ph. Europe-wide reduction in primary productivity caused by the heat and drought in 2003.
Nature,2005,437:529-533
|
CSCD被引
173
次
|
|
|
|
|
7.
Law B E. Measuring and modelling seasonal variation of carbon dioxide and water vapour exchange of a Pinus ponderosa forest subject to soil water deficit.
Global Change Biology,2000,6:613-630
|
CSCD被引
14
次
|
|
|
|
|
8.
于贵瑞. 陆地生态系统水-碳耦合循环与过程管理研究.
地球科学进展,2004,19(5):831-839
|
CSCD被引
46
次
|
|
|
|
|
9.
接玉玲. 土壤含水量与苹果叶片水分利用效率的关系.
应用生态学报,2001,12(3):387-390
|
CSCD被引
48
次
|
|
|
|
|
10.
He W M. Responses of an evergreen shrub Sabina vulgaris to soil water and nutrient shortages in the semiarid Mu Us Sandland in China.
Journal of Arid Environments,2003,53:307-316
|
CSCD被引
11
次
|
|
|
|
|
11.
Lefi E. Water uptake dynamics photosynthesis and water use efficiency in field grown Medicago arborea and Medicago citrina under prolonged Mediterranean drought conditions.
Annual applied Biology,2004,144:299-307
|
CSCD被引
8
次
|
|
|
|
|
12.
Yin C. Adaptive responses of Populus kangdingensis to drought stress.
Physiolgia Plantarum,2005,123:445-451
|
CSCD被引
4
次
|
|
|
|
|
13.
Yin C. Early growth dry matter allocation and water use efficiency of two sympatric Populus species as affected by water stress.
Environmental and Experimental Botany,2005,53:315-322
|
CSCD被引
3
次
|
|
|
|
|
14.
周瑞莲. 沙生植物渗透调节物对干旱、高温的响应及其在逆境中的作用.
中国沙漠,1999,19:18-22
|
CSCD被引
23
次
|
|
|
|
|
15.
Xu S. The seasonal effects of water stress on Ammopiptanthus mongolicus in a desert environment.
Journal of Arid Environments,2002,51:437-447
|
CSCD被引
3
次
|
|
|
|
|
16.
Wang S M. The characteristics of Na K and free praline distribution in several drought-resistant plants of the Alxa Desert China.
Journal of Arid Environments,2004,56:525-539
|
CSCD被引
75
次
|
|
|
|
|
17.
胡小文. 荒漠草原植物抗旱生理生态学研究进展.
草业学报,2004,13(3):9-15
|
CSCD被引
38
次
|
|
|
|
|
18.
陈世苹. 沿土壤水分梯度黄囊苔草碳同位素组成及其适应策略的变化.
植物生态学报,2004,28(4):515-522
|
CSCD被引
34
次
|
|
|
|
|
19.
陈世苹. 内蒙古锡林河流域不同植物群落中羊草和糙隐子草水分利用效率的变异.
植物学报,2002,44(12):1484-1490
|
CSCD被引
4
次
|
|
|
|
|
20.
Moore D J. Gas exchange and carbon isotope discrimination of Juniperus osteosperma and Juniperus occidentalis across environmental gradients in the Great Basin of western North America.
Tree Physiology,1999,19:421-433
|
CSCD被引
3
次
|
|
|
|
|
了解气象卫星更多信息，请访问