中国太阳物理学研究进展
Recent research progress of solar physics in China
查看参考文献153篇
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文摘
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太阳物理学聚焦于距离我们最近,也是对我们最重要的恒星,处于天文学、行星科学、空间科学、等离子体物理学等学科的前沿交叉领域.很多基本科学问题的解决——宇宙天体磁场的起源、恒星磁活动周的演化规律和形成机制、恒星磁活动如何影响宜居环境和生命起源、如何预报太阳爆发活动以防止其对人类造成灾害性影响——都将得益于太阳物理学的突破性进展.近10年来,太阳物理学进入了多信使、全波段、全时域、高分辨、多尺度、多视角和高精度探测的时代,而最新发射的帕克太阳探针和即将发射的太阳轨道飞行器,将开启空间太阳探测的新纪元.我国首颗太阳探测卫星——先进天基太阳天文台将于2021年发射.在这重大变革的前夜,我们回顾和梳理了近10年来我国太阳物理学者在认知太阳磁场性质、低层大气精细结构和动力学,以及太阳爆发活动形成机理等方面的突出进步,并展望中国太阳物理学的发展和中国学者未来可能做出的贡献. |
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其他语种文摘
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Solar physics focuses on the star that is not only closest but most important to us. The study of solar physics is one of the most active interdisciplinary frontiers of astronomy, planetary and space science, plasma physics, etc. The eventual solution of many fundamental scientific problems would greatly benefit from breakthroughs in solar physics, e.g., problems such as the origin of magnetic field in astronomical objects, the formation and evolutionary mechanisms of the stellar magnetic cycle, the impact of stellar magnetic activities on the habitability of planets and the origin of life, and the forecast of solar eruptions to guard against adverse space weather effects. In the last ten years, solar physics has stepped into an era of multi-messenger, full electromagnetic spectrum, full time-domain, high-resolution, multi-scale, multi-view and high-precision detection. A new era is looming on the horizon with two revolutionary missions, namely, Parker Solar Probe, which was launched in 2018 and will probe the solar corona from as close as 6 million kilometers to the Sun's surface, and Solar Orbiter, which will be launched in 2020 to image the Sun's polar regions for the first time. In China, the first space mission dedicated to the Sun, the Advanced Space Based Solar Observatory (ASO-S), will be launched in 2021, targeting the next solar cycle. In addition, the Advanced Ground Based Solar Observatory (ASO-G) has been incorporated within the framework of national planning; under construction are two important instruments for solar physics, MUSER (Mingantu Ultrawide Spectral Radioheliograph) and AIMS (Accurate Infrared Magnetic field measurements of the Sun). Embracing the upcoming advancement in observing the Sun, we review in this article the prominent progresses made by Chinese scholars in the last ten years, mainly in studying the solar magnetic field, fine structures and dynamics of the lower atmosphere, and solar eruptions. At the frontier of solar magnetism, we have made headway in predicting the solar cycle, understanding the magnetic topology and the evolution of magnetic helicity, and modeling the coronal magnetic field. At the frontier of fine structures and dynamics of the lower atmosphere, we have advanced the understanding of not only new phenomena, such as ultraviolet bursts, but also traditional subjects, such as sunspot light bridges, Ellerman bombs, as well as mass and energy transfer from the lower to higher atmosphere. At the frontier of solar eruptions, we have made progress in identifying the eruption progenitor, clarifying its formation, structure, and evolution toward eruption as well as the subsequent propagation and interaction in interplanetary space, and understanding various aspects and consequences of magnetic reconnection, a fundament plasma process in the universe. On the basis of the review, we look forward to the future development of solar physics in China and to the prospect of Chinese scholars making even more substantial contributions to the solar physics research. |
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来源
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科学通报
,2019,64(19):2011-2024 【核心库】
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DOI
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10.1360/N972019-00286
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关键词
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太阳物理
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太阳磁场
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太阳大气
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太阳活动
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空间天气
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地址
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1.
中国科学技术大学地球和空间科学学院, 合肥, 230026
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山东大学空间科学研究院, 威海, 264209
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中国科学院国家天文台, 北京, 100101
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南京大学天文和空间科学学院, 南京, 210023
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中国科学院紫金山天文台, 南京, 210034
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中国科学院云南天文台, 昆明, 650216
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北京大学地球与空间科学学院, 北京, 100871
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中国科学院大学, 北京, 100049
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语种
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中文 |
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文献类型
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综述型 |
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ISSN
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0023-074X |
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学科
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天文学 |
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基金
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国家自然科学基金
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中国科学院空间科学战略先导专项
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文献收藏号
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CSCD:6574515
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