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我国淡水环境微塑料污染与流域管控策略
Microplastic Pollution in Freshwater Environment in China and Watershed Management Strategy

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吴辰熙 1 *   潘响亮 2   施华宏 3   彭进平 4  
文摘 微塑料的淡水环境污染问题日益受到了国内外学者的关注。文章综述了我国淡水环境中微塑料的研究进展,分析了淡水环境中微塑料的污染来源、环境行为和归趋,探讨了微塑料污染的生态环境效应。研究表明,微塑料污染在我国河流、湖泊等淡水水体中普遍存在。淡水水体中检测到的微塑料丰度可达107个/km2量级,比海洋环境中检测到的微塑料丰度更高。淡水环境中检出的微塑料呈现出不同的形状、大小、颜色特征,同时具有多样的化学组成并可能携带其他污染物。这些特征一定程度上反映了微塑料的来源和经历,同时也影响其环境行为和生态环境效应。研究还发现,微塑料在淡水水体采集到的鱼类、贝类等生物体内也普遍存在。微塑料暴露可对生物体的健康乃至生态系统的结构和功能造成影响。因此,微塑料被认为是一类新兴污染物。文章针对淡水环境中微塑料污染现状及问题,基于流域治理的思路,提出了微塑料污染管控策略;建议我国进一步完善相关政策法规,加大政策法规执行力度,从而保障淡水生态系统的健康和淡水资源的可持续利用。
其他语种文摘 Microplastic pollution problems in freshwater environment have attracted growing attention from scholars at home and abroad. This work reviewed the research progress on microplastics in freshwater environment in China, analyzed the sources, environmental behavior and fate of microplastics in freshwater environment, and discussed the ecological environment effect of microplastic pollution. Studies showed that microplastic pollution is ubiquitously presented in rivers and lake in China. Microplastics have been detected with abundances up to 107 items/km2 in freshwater, which is higher than those reported from marine environment. Microplastics detected in the freshwater environment showed different shape, size, and color features, are made from different polymer types, and are able to carry other contaminants. These features partly reflect the source and experience of microplastics, and are related to their environmental behavior and ecological environment effect. Research has also demonstrated that microplastics are commonly presented in fishes and mollusks collected from freshwater environment, microplastic exposure is able to affect the health of individual organisms as well as alter the structure and function of ecosystem. Therefore, microplastics are considered as emerging contaminants. In view of the microplastic pollution status and problem in freshwater environment, microplastic pollution control strategies were proposed based on watershed management thought. It is suggested that China should further improve the relevant policies and regulations, strengthen the implementation of policies and regulations, so as to ensure the health of freshwater ecosystem and the sustainable use of freshwater resources.
来源 中国科学院院刊 ,2018,33(10):1012-1020 【核心库】
DOI 10.16418/j.issn.1000-3045.2018.10.002
关键词 微塑料污染 ; 淡水水体 ; 迁移转化 ; 生态环境效应 ; 管控策略
地址

1. 中国科学院水生生物研究所, 淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室, 武汉, 430072  

2. 浙江工业大学环境学院, 杭州, 310014  

3. 华东师范大学, 河口海岸学国家重点实验室, 上海, 200062  

4. 广东工业大学轻工化工学院, 广州, 510006

语种 中文
文献类型 研究性论文
ISSN 1000-3045
学科 环境污染及其防治
基金 国家自然科学基金项目 ;  国家重大科技专项
文献收藏号 CSCD:6349530

参考文献 共 39 共2页

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引证文献 12

1 张茜 淡水环境中微塑料污染研究进展 应用化工,2020,49(2):435-438
被引 2

2 顾伟康 环境介质中微塑料的处理与检测方法研究进展 土木与环境工程学报(中英文),2020,42(1):135-143
被引 6

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