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近35年三北防护林体系建设工程的防风固沙效应
The Sand Fixation Effects of Three-North Shelter Forest Program in Recent 35 Years

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黄麟 1   祝萍 1,2   肖桐 3   曹巍 1   巩国丽 4  
文摘 通过分析三北工程区生态系统防风固沙服务量变化,进而评价工程的防风固沙效应。结果表明:①近35 a,三北工程区林地面积持续增加、草地面积持续减少,特别是半干旱风沙区和黄土高原区。植被覆盖度在前20 a持续增加,近15 a则呈现先下降而后略微增加趋势。②土壤风蚀模数持续减少,近15 a减幅远高于前20 a,沙地、草地、其它类型转林地或转草地区域的减幅尤为明显。生态系统防风固沙服务保有率呈上升态势,干旱荒漠区增幅显著。草地和沙地为工程区生态系统防风固沙服务总量贡献了71%,且转草地区域的贡献高于转林地区域。③考虑到植被好转同时受气候变化和人类活动的影响,以风场减弱为主的气候变化导致土壤风蚀力减弱与三北防护林等生态工程对生态系统防风固沙服务变化的贡献率分别介于85%~89%和11%~15%之间。
其他语种文摘 In order to understand the windbreak and sand fixation effects of the Three-North Shelter Forest Program (TNSFP) in recent 35 years, this paper analyzes the amount change of ecosystem sand fixation caused by climate change and vegetation degradation or restoration in the project region, and then assesses the sand fixation effects of the Program. Based on Landsat MSS, TM/ETM+, and environmental satellite (HJ) images, the spatial-temporal datasets of land cover changes in the project region of TNSFP were analyzed in the periods of mid 1970s, 1990, 2000, 2010, 2015, especially the forest and grassland. Combining the NDVI data of AVHRR and MODIS, the vegetation coverage was estimated, and then the change of vegetation coverage in the 1982-2015 was analyzed. The soil erosion modulus were estimated at the regional scale by applying the soil erosion equation (RWEQ), and then the ecosystem services of windbreak and sand fixation were assessed using indicators of amount and retention rate of windbreak and sand fixation. Then the contribution rate of ecological program and climate change to regional ecosystem change was determined by comparing the indexes under the conditions of average climate and real climate. The results showed that: 1) In the past 35 years, the area of forest was continuously increased and grassland was decreased, especially in the semi-arid sandy area and Loess Plateau. The vegetation coverage increased continuously in the before 20 years, and then decreased in recent 15 years. 2) The soil wind erosion modulus is decreased continuously, and the decreasing rate in recent 15 years is much higher than that in the before 20 years. The decreasing rates were especially obvious in sandy land, grassland, and regions planting trees and grassland. The retention ratio of ecosystem windbreak and sand fixation service also increased continuously, especially in arid desert area. Grassland and sandy land contributed 71% of the total amount of windbreak and sand fixation. However, just 6.6% of forest land, and the contribution of conversion grassland was higher than that of conversion forest. 3) In the TNSFP, the weakening of wind erosion force due to reducing wind, and the vegetation restoration in local areas due to TNSFP and other ecological programs, both resulted in a decrease of soil wind erosion, and accounted for 85%-89% and 11%-15% of the decrease. Winter monsoon in mid-latitude Asian is weakened due to global warming. In the project region of TNSFP, the grassland played the most important role in ecosystem service of windbreak and sand fixation, which accounts for more than 63% of the total area. Therefore, the conservation of grassland and sandy land were significant in project region of TNSFP. Project planning and implementation should focus on the transfer of funds from afforestation to grassland conservation and restoration.
来源 地理科学 ,2018,38(4):600-609 【核心库】
DOI 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2018.04.014
关键词 三北防护林体系建设工程 ; 林地、草地面积变化 ; 植被覆盖度 ; 防风固沙
地址

1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 中国科学院陆地表层格局与模拟重点实验室, 北京, 100101  

2. 中国科学院大学, 北京, 100049  

3. 环境保护部卫星环境应用中心, 北京, 100094  

4. 山西省环境规划院, 山西, 太原, 030024

语种 中文
文献类型 研究性论文
ISSN 1000-0690
学科 自然地理学
基金 国家重点研发计划项目 ;  中国科学院前沿科学重点研究项目
文献收藏号 CSCD:6243863

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