广西五圩矿田箭猪坡铅锌锑多金属矿床成矿流体特征及特富矿体形成分析
Characteristics of ore-forming fluids and formation of bonanza in Jianzhupo Pb-Zn-Sb polymetallic deposit within Wuxu ore field, Guangxi, South China
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文摘
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箭猪坡矿床是广西丹池成矿带南段五圩矿田中最大的Pb-Zn-Sb多金属矿床。矿床主要由早阶段特富大脉状闪锌矿-脆硫锑铅矿矿化和晚阶段脆硫锑铅矿-闪锌矿-碳酸盐-石英脉状矿化组成。本文分析了箭猪坡矿床两种不同矿化类型石英、闪锌矿中的流体包裹体特征、均一温度及盐度,探讨特富矿体形成的控制因素。两种矿化类型包裹体主要由含CO_2包裹体和水溶液包裹体组成。早阶段特富大脉状矿化流体包裹体均一温度为120~290 ℃,集中在220~290 ℃之间,盐度为3.6%~13.6%。晚阶段脉状矿化流体包裹体均一温度为150~ 350 ℃,集中在240~310 ℃之间,盐度为1.4%~12.0%。富CO_2成矿流体主要来自变质、有机质中低温热降解、有机质还原SO_4~(2-)、岩浆出溶及夕卡岩化。箭猪坡矿化产于泥盆系破碎带中,晚于华南地区变质作用;矿床成矿温度(220~310 ℃)远大于有机物热降解释放大量CO_2的温度(约150 ℃);矿床深部发育Sn矿化,表明成矿流体具还原性,不太可能含有大量SO_4~(2-);而区内非夕卡岩化岩浆热液矿床成矿热液只含有少量CO_2。因此,初步认为箭猪坡矿床富CO_2流体主要与深部夕卡岩化作用有关,成矿流体主要来源于岩浆热液。成矿流体含少量甲烷、沥青质等有机质,表明成矿过程有盆地卤水混入。早阶段特富矿体成矿流体在温度-盐度图上显示中高温中高盐度和低温低盐度流体混合特征,而晚阶段脉状矿化成矿流体温度-盐度分布较为分散,暗示晚阶段脉状矿化成矿过程主要经历了冷却降温,流体混合较弱。这表明成矿流体大规模混合是形成特富矿体的关键控制因素。依据富CO_2流体可能主要来源于深部夕卡岩化作用,初步推测五圩矿田深部有寻找夕卡岩型矿床良好前景。 |
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其他语种文摘
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The Jianzhupo deposit is the largest Pb-Zn-Sb polymetallic deposit in the Wuxu ore field, located at the southern part of the Danchi metallogenic belt, Guangxi, South China. Jianzhupo mineralization mainly occurs as extremely high-grade veins (bonanza) and jamesonite-sphalerite-carbonate-quartz (JSCQ) veins. In this study, the characteristics, homogenization temperatures, and salinities of fluid inclusions (FIs) from quartz and sphalerite in the bonanza and JSCQ veins were analyzed, and factors controlling the formation of the bonanza were discussed. Results of analysis showed CO_2 was popular in FIs from the Jianzhupo deposit, suggesting that ore-forming fluids had a high CO_2 contents. Homogenization temperatures and salinities of FIs trapped in minerals from the bonanza ranged from 120 ℃ to 290 ℃ (with a peak range of 220 ℃ to 290 ℃) and from 3.4% to 13.6%, respectively; and those for the JSCQ veins ranged from 150 ℃ to 350 ℃ (with a peak range of 240 ℃ to 310 ℃) and from 1.4% to 12.0%, respectively. The abundant CO_2 in ore-forming fluids could be derived from metamorphism, low-temperature thermal degradation of organic matter, oxidization of organic matter by SO_4~(2-), volatile exsolution of magma or skarnization. However, given that (1) Jianzhupo mineralization hosted in fractures within the Middle Devonian occured later than regional metamorphism in South China, (2) ore-forming temperatures (mainly 220 ℃ - 310 ℃) of the Jianzhupo deposit were much higher than the temperature (ca. 150 ℃) of CO_2 released during thermal degradation of organic matter, (3) tin mineralization in the Jianzhupo suggests that ore-forming fluids were reduced to such an extent that the formation of adequate amount of SO_4~(2-) was not possible, and (4) ore-forming fluids of magmatic-hydrothermal deposits unrelated to skarnization in the region contain minor amounts of CO_2, it was finally deduced that the CO_2-rich fluids of the Jianzhupo deposit, were derived from skarnization at depth and that the ore-forming fluids of the Jianzhupo deposit were mainly derived from magmatic water. In addition, the FIs were found to contain minor amounts of CH_4, asphaltene, and other organic matters, which indicates the mixing of brine during mineralization. The homogenization temperatures and salinities of FIs in the bonanza and JSCQ mineralization were found to have strong positive correlation and weak positive correlation, respectively. These results indicated that bonanza mineralization was triggered by intensive mixing between a low-temperature, low-salinity fluid and a high-mediumtemperature, high-medium-salinity fluid, whereas JSCQ mineralization was triggered by a reduced amount of mixing between different fluids with gradually decreasing temperatures. It was thus determined that large-scale mixing of different fluids was the critical factor controlling formation of the bonanza. Based on the premise that CO_2-rich fluids were likely derived from skarnization at depth, it is inferred that the deep part of the Wuxu ore field is an ore prospecting target for skarn mineralization. |
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来源
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地球化学
,2018,47(3):257-267 【核心库】
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DOI
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10.19700/j.0379-1726.2018.03.003
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关键词
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特富矿体
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流体包裹体
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闪锌矿
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流体混合
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箭猪坡矿床
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地址
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1.
中国科学院广州地球化学研究所, 中国科学院矿物学与成矿学重点实验室, 广东, 广州, 510640
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中国科学院大学, 北京, 100049
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广西大学资源环境与材料学院, 广西, 南宁, 530004
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钦州学院, 广西北部湾海洋灾害研究重点实验室, 广西, 钦州, 535011
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语种
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中文 |
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文献类型
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研究性论文 |
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ISSN
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0379-1726 |
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学科
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地质学 |
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基金
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国家自然科学基金面上项目
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科技部国家重点研究计划
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文献收藏号
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CSCD:6243617
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