体像困扰与社会文化因素
Body Image Disturbance and Sociocultural Factors
查看参考文献43篇
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文摘
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数据显示大多数人对自己的体像不满意,而对体像的不满意可能形成困扰。存在体像困扰的个体更多体验抑郁、焦虑等负面情绪,且体像困扰和进食障碍、体像障碍等精神疾病均存在密切的关系。在介绍概念的同时,本文还对体像困扰相关社会文化因素的影响进行了综述。已有研究表明女性较男性更容易受到体像困扰的影响;体像困扰存在跨文化的一致性,也存在文化差异;家庭、同伴和媒体对于体像困扰均有影响。 |
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其他语种文摘
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Body image dissatisfaction, as quantified by the distance between the ideal and real body image, contributes largely to the body image disturbance.Individuals with body image disturbance suffer from high level of depression and anxiety, as well as low self-esteem.Body image disturbance is often associated with mental disorders such as eating disorders and body dysmorphic disorder, and has been considered as the core symptom of these two disorders.As a result, a large proportion of studies on body image disturbance focus on diagnosed patients.However, recent studies suggest that many people among common population also suffer from body image disturbance.Thus, this issue should not be neglected due to the widespread influence.To date, only very limited studies have been carried out in mainland China.The purpose of current study is to review related findings systematically, which may contribute to our understanding of body image disturbance among common population and among those diagnosed with related mental disorders.First, females are more susceptible to body image disturbance than males.Several studies have consistently found that only very few females are satisfied with their body image.Regretfully, most females who are not satisfied with their real body image are eager to own a slimmer shape.This trend has been observed in some males, but a substantial proportion of males also want to be stronger.This gender difference may be related to the large gender difference among subtypes of eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.Additionally, homosexual women have reported lower level of body dissatisfaction than heterosexual women, while homosexual men have reported higher level of body dissatisfaction than heterosexual men.Thus, the gender difference in body image disturbance lies in social gender rather than biological sex.It seems that those who internalize the female gender suffer more body image disturbance than those who internalize the male gender.Second, acceptance of western culture has been found to be a risk factor for the presence of body image disturbance."Thin as ideal" is a key feature of western culture to define beauty.Non-western culture may play a protective role for women's body image.For example, unlike the western women who are generally dissatisfied with their own "fat" body, Canadian aboriginal women were found to be proud of their plump bodies.Among Asian women, the westernized individuals are more likely to experience the body image disturbance, while those who hold traditional value are reported to experience little body image disturbance.Nowadays, the pursuit of thinness is widespread in differential cultures.However, the prevalence of body image disturbance can be predicted to some extent by culture.Third, body image disturbance is influenced by family members, peers and the media.Children can obtain the social meaning of fatness and ideal body image explicitly or implicitly from their parents.A general finding is that girls are more influenced by their mothers, while boys are more influenced by their fathers.Girls with a mother who is concerned with body image are prone to body image disturbance.Negative peer relationship is associated with body image dissatisfaction, while positive peer relationship plays a protective role.Siblings' influence on individual body image attitude is similar to those of peers.Research on the media's influence on body image brings us bad news.Mass media favors models with very thin body, which may lead to internalization of ideal thin body in the audiences. |
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来源
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心理科学
,2017,40(1):187-192 【核心库】
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DOI
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10.16719/j.cnki.1671-6981.20170128
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关键词
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体像
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困扰
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性别
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传媒
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文化
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地址
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中国科学院心理研究所, 北京, 100101
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语种
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中文 |
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文献类型
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研究性论文 |
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ISSN
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1671-6981 |
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学科
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社会科学总论 |
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基金
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国家留学基金委员会（CSC）项目
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中国科学院心理健康院重点实验室
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国家自然科学基金项目
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文献收藏号
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CSCD:5922752
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