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三叠系-侏罗系界线古火灾事件研究:方法、进展及展望
WILDFIRE EVENT AT THE TRIASSIC/JURASSIC BOUNDARY: APPROACHES, PROGRESS, AND PERSPECTIVE

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张筱青 1   张国权 2   席书娜 2   李丽琴 1   邓春涛 2   王岩 3   周宁 1   王永栋 4 *   宋宜 5  
文摘 三叠纪-侏罗纪之交发生了一次显著的全球生物大灭绝事件,为地质历史时期的五大灭绝事件之一,这一重大地质转折时期的古生态和古环境变化越来越受到科学界的重视。众多研究已经发现,沉积地层夹层中煤和含煤层的煤岩学特征、惰质组含量、植物化石形态、孢粉组合、碳同位素偏移等证据,均可以反映出古生态、古气候以及古环境的细微波动变化,因此三叠系-侏罗系界线(Triassic-Jurassic Boundary,简称为TJB)古火灾活动及其古环境可以通过以上证据来进行判定与恢复。本文旨在介绍国际上古火灾事件研究的几种主要方法、TJB古火灾事件研究进展,并对中国开展三叠纪-侏罗纪之交古火灾事件与古环境、古生态研究提出展望。
其他语种文摘 Palaeoenvironmental and palaeoecological fluctuations of significant geological periods are one of the key scientific issues to geologists. The Triassic/Jurassic boundary (TJB) witnesses the mass extinction event about 200 Myr ago followed by a rapid biotic recovery in the Early Jurassic. The TJB event triggered environmental changes, such as increased palaeo-CO_2 and accompanying extreme global warming, floral and faunal turnovers as well as more frequent wildfire activities. Recent investigations from Europe have demonstrated an active wildfire event and palaeoenvironmental, palaeoclimate, palaeoecological fluctuations across the TJB by using integrative approaches, such as coal petrology,geochemistry, plant morphology and palynology. In this paper, we summarize the major approaches, progresses and perspectives for TJB fire event studies. Charcoal, microscopically recognized as an inertinite maceral, is the direct evidence of wildfire activities. The evidence of coal petrology across the TJB in Sweden and Denmark show a significant increase in inertinite across the boundary reaching a maximum in the Hettangian. This reflected a broad change in fire regime from crown fires (high temperature) to surface fires (low temperature) and to basically no wildfire activity. The morphological study of the fossil plants leaves showed that the flora changed from broad leaves vegetation to narrow leaves vegetation. On the other hand, analysis of the flammability of modern analogue leaves found that narrow leaves are more flammable. At the same time, palynological evidence also suggests that a large number of canopy plants had disappeared at the late-Triassic, and ground cover plants declined sharply at the early-Jurassic. Carbon isotope studies of fossil plant cuticles have revealed a marked global negative carbon isotope shift across the TJB, which also provides independent support for a wildfire event.
来源 古生物学报 ,2016,55(3):331-345 【核心库】
关键词 三叠系—侏罗系界线 ; 古火灾事件 ; 古生态 ; 古环境 ; 煤岩学 ; 植物形态学 ; 孢粉学 ; 欧洲 ; 中国
地址

1. 中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所, 南京, 210008  

2. 四川省煤田地质局137地质队, 现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室, 四川, 达州, 635006  

3. 南京大学地球科学与工程学院, 南京, 210023  

4. 中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所, 现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室, 南京, 210008  

5. 中国地质大学(武汉)地球科学学院, 武汉, 430074

语种 中文
文献类型 研究性论文
ISSN 0001-6616
基金 国家973计划 ;  现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室开放项目 ;  国家自然科学基金项目 ;  中国科学院科技创新交叉团队项目 ;  国际地球科学计划IGCP632项目
文献收藏号 CSCD:5819695

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引证文献 4 篇

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被引 4 次

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