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不同轮作体系不同施氮量甲烷排放比较研究
Impact of N fertilization on CH_4 emission from paddy field under different rotation systems

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宿敏敏 1   况福虹 1   吕阳 1   赵亚南 2   傅先友 3   李群英 3   雷云飞 3   张福锁 1   石孝均 2   申建波 1   刘学军 1 *  
文摘 【目的】本研究通过在重庆市江津区进行单季稻转换为不同轮作体系的田间试验,测量CH_4排放通量,探讨不同轮作体系CH_4的排放规律。【方法】试验以玉米-小麦(MW)、水稻-小麦(RW)、水稻-冬水休闲(RF)三种轮作体系为主处理,每种轮作体系设不施氮对照(N0)、优化施氮(Nopt,即小麦季N 96 kg /hm~2、玉米季或水稻季N 150 kg /hm~2)、传统施氮(Ncon,即小麦季N 180 kg /hm~2、玉米季或水稻季N 225 kg /hm~2)3个副处理。温室气体采用静态箱-气相色谱法进行田间原位测量,每周1 3次,周年监测。【结果】MW、RW、RF体系第一年甲烷排放量分别为CH_4-C 13.5、26.7和89.8 kg /hm~2,第二年为第一年相应体系的6.2%、85.1%和263.1%。第一年MW、RW、RF系统N0处理甲烷排放量分别为CH_4-C 17.7、30.5、85.7 kg /hm~2,Nopt处理分别为其对照的87.5%、 111.3%、111.9%,Ncon处理为对照的41.5%、51.1%、94.8%;第二年MW、RW、RF系统N0处理甲烷排放量分别为CH_4-C 0.4、26.0、227.4 kg /hm~2,Nopt为其对照的240.4%、103.9%、104.9%,Ncon为其对照的229.6%、 58.6%、100.1%。MW、RW、RF三个轮作体系两年均为甲烷净排放,MW体系以玉米季为主,N0、Nopt、Ncon处理分别占总体系的87.4%、87.2%、76.2%; RW体系以水稻季为主,N0、Nopt、Ncon处理分别占总体系的91.4%、95.7、94.9%; RF体系中以水稻季为主,N0、Nopt、Ncon处理分别占总体系的84.2%、84.9%、84.8%。 MW第一年玉米季施肥期甲烷排放累积量占该季总排放量的6% 11%,第二年占30% 45%; RW水稻季施肥期甲烷排放量占该季总排放量的37% 50%,RF水稻季施肥期甲烷排放量占该季总排放量的21% 28%,淹水休闲季约占总体系16%,也不可忽略。【结论】水稻-冬水休闲系统甲烷排放最高,水稻-小麦轮作次之,玉米-小麦轮作最低。单季稻改小麦-玉米轮作后第一年,玉米季有明显甲烷排放,第二年则未出现,两年甲烷排放总量无差异;水稻-冬水田轮作,甲烷排放在第二年明显增加。玉米-小麦轮作、水稻-小麦轮作和水稻-冬水休闲系统两年平均值均表现出甲烷的净排放,并以水稻或玉米季为主。大量施氮后,抑制水稻-小麦轮作和玉米-小麦轮作系统甲烷排放,对水稻-冬水休闲系统无影响。
其他语种文摘 【Objectives】A field experiment was conducted at Jiangjin District of Chongqing City,the differences and characteristics of methane(CH_4) emissions as influenced by nitrogen fertilization were examined and evaluated under different cropping systems which were originally derived from single rice system. 【Methods】The main factor was three cropping systems:maize - wheat (MW),rice - wheat (RW) and rice-winter flooded fallow (RF) system. The subtreatments were N application levels:N0 (no N application),Nopt(96 kg /hm~2 in wheat,150 kg /hm~2 in maize or rice) and Ncon (180 kg /hm~2 in wheat,225 kg /hm~2 in maize or rice),respectively. in situ static chamber-gas chromatography system was used to collect and measure the emmision of CH_4 in frequency of one to three times a week during the whole year’s experimental period.【Results】The highest CH_4 emissions was found in RF system while the lowest in MW cropping system. The annual average CH_4 emissions from MW,RW and RF systems were CH_4-C 13.5,26.7,89.8 kg /hm~2 in the first experimetal year (2013 /2014),and 0.8,22.7,236.3 kg /hm~2 in the second year (2014 /2015),respectively. N fertilization did not affect CH_4 emissions significantly across three cropping systems except for treatment Nopt in RW and RF systems. In the first year,the CH_4 fluxes of N0 treatemnts in the MW,RW,RF systems were respectively 17.7,30.5,85.7 kg /hm~2,and those in Nopt treatments were 87.5%,111.3%,119.4%, and in Ncon treatments were 41.5%,51.1%,94.8% of corresponding N0 treatments,respectively. In the second year,the CH_4 fluxes in N0 treatemnts of MW,RW,RF rotation systems were CH_4-C 0.4,26.0,227.4 kg /hm~2, respectively, and those in Nopt treatments were 240.4%,103.9%,104.9%,and in Ncon treatments were 229.6%,58.6%,100.1% of the corresponding N0 treatments,respectively. The net CH_4 emissions were all occured from MW,RW and RF systems on average for two years’s period. In MW system,the highest emissions was measured in the maize season,averaged accounting for 87.7%,87.2%,76.2% of the system for the N0,Nopt and Ncon treatment,respectively; In RW system,the highest was in rice season,averagedly accounted for 91.4%,95.7%,94.9% of the system in the N0,Nopt and Ncon treatments,respectively; Similarly in the RF system,the highest emissions were in the rice season, accounted for 84.2%,84.9%,84.8% of those from the system for the N0,Nopt and Ncon treatments, respectively. CH_4 emissions durning fertilizing periods accounted for 9%- 32% of wheat growing seasons; CH_4 emissions during fertilizing periods accounted for 6%-11% of maize growing seasons in the first year but 30%- 45% of maize seasons in the second year; CH_4 emissions during fertilizing periods accounted for 37%-50% of rice seasons in RW systems; CH_4 emissions during fertilizing periods accounted for 21%-28% of rice growing seasons in RF systems. Flooded fallow seasons also contributed about 16% of annual CH_4 emissions for RF system. 【Conclusions】Total net emission of CH_4 was highest in rice - flooding fallow system,followed by rice-wheat rotation system and the lowest in maize - wheat rotation system. In the first year after the single rice system was changed to maize -wheat rotation,there was an emission peak in the maize season,but not in the second year,and the total emission was similar in the two year’s time. In the second year of the rice -flooding fallowe system,the CH_4 emissions increased significantly. The net CH_4 emissions occured in all the three systems,and mianly in the maize or rice season. Nitrogen fertilization inhibited the CH_4 fluxes in maize - wheat and rice - wheat rotation systems,but not in rice - flooding fallow system.
来源 植物营养与肥料学报 ,2016,22(4):913-920 【核心库】
DOI 10.11674/zwyf.15472
关键词 甲烷 ; 轮作 ; 氮肥 ; 四川盆地
地址

1. 中国农业大学资源与环境学院, 北京, 100093  

2. 西南大学资源与环境学院, 重庆, 400716  

3. 重庆市江津区农业技术推广中心, 重庆, 402260

语种 中文
文献类型 研究性论文
ISSN 1008-505X
学科 农业基础科学;农作物
基金 国家自然科学基金国家杰出青年科学基金 ;  自然科学基金 ;  教育部植物-土壤相互作用重点实验室资助
文献收藏号 CSCD:5772430

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引证文献 4

1 熊丽萍 水旱轮作系统中土壤CH_4和N_2O排放研究进展 农业环境科学学报,2020,39(4):863-871
被引 8

2 武秋甫 三峡库区典型粮菜轮作系统施肥管理及环境代价评价 中国环境科学,2021,41(3):1272-1281
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