帮助 关于我们

返回检索结果

欧盟新型植物育种技术的研究及监管现状
The Research and Regulatory Status of Novel Plant Breeding Techniques in Europe

查看参考文献27篇

文摘 近年来多种具有较大应用前景的新型植物育种技术,如寡核苷酸定点诱变、锌指核酸酶技术、同源转基因技术、 RNA介导的DNA甲基化、反向育种、转基因砧木嫁接和农杆菌浸润等在欧洲发展迅速。这些新技术比常规育种技术更具特异性和针对性,可为育种家提供准确和有效的方法。文献计量学研究表明,农杆菌浸润和RNA介导的DNA甲基化等技术在欧盟研究中使用率较高;德国、英国是欧盟新型植物育种技术研究的重要国家。目前,欧盟正在讨论由这些新技术产生的植物是否属于其监管体系,尤其是2001/18/EC指令中定义的转基因生物。相关机构也纷纷发布一系列报告,对新技术产生的植物及产品的分类监管问题进行了广泛讨论。欧洲食品安全局分别对同源转基因(cisgenesis/Intragenesis)和锌指核酸酶(ZFN-3)等技术产生的植物进行风险评估,并认为Cisgenesis与常规育种技术植物的风险程度相当,Intragenesis和常规转基因技术获得的植物均可能造成新风险; ZFN-3技术比常规转基因技术具有更小的风险。
其他语种文摘 Recently, a number of novel plant breeding techniques(NPBTs)with great application prospect, such as oligonucleotide directed mutagenesis(ODM), zinc finger nuclease(ZFN)technology, cisgenesis/intragenesis, RNA-dependent DNA methylation(RdDM), reverse breeding, grafting(on GM rootstock), and agro-infiltration, have been developed rapidly in Europe. These techniques are more specific and targeted than conventional breeding methods, and thereby can provide more precise, rapid and efficient methods for breeders. The results from literature metrology showed that agro-infiltration and RdDM were the most commonly used techniques in EU, and Germany and the UK were the leading countries on the research of NPBTs. To date, it is being discussed whether the plants produced by these new techniques are captured by the EU’s GMO legislation, in particular directive 2001/18/EC. In the abundant reports published by relevant organizations, the classification and supervision of plants and products generated by NPBTs were extensively discussed. The risk assessment of plants by ZFN-3 and Cisgenesis/ intragenesis was carried out by the European Food Safety Authority(EFSA)respectively. It was concluded that plants by cisgenesis had similar hazards with that produced by conventional breeding, whereas novel hazards might arise with intragenic and transgenic plants. In addition, the panel suggested that there would be fewer hazards for plants of ZFN-3 than conventional GMOs.
来源 生物技术通报 ,2016,32(2):1-6 【扩展库】
DOI 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2016.02.032
关键词 欧盟 ; 新型植物育种技术 ; 转基因生物 ; 监管
地址

中国科学院文献情报中心, 北京, 100190

语种 中文
文献类型 综述型
ISSN 1002-5464
文献收藏号 CSCD:5645507

参考文献 共 27 共2页

1.  英国生物技术和生物科学研究理事会(BBSRC)网站. BBSRC'S POSITION STATEMENT ON NEW CROP BREEDING TOOLS,2015 被引 1    
2.  奥地利联邦卫生部网站. New plant breeding techniques,2015 被引 1    
3.  欧盟联合研究中心(JRC)网站. New plant breeding techniques. State-of-the-art and prospects for commercial development,2014 被引 1    
4.  荷兰遗传修饰委员会(COGEM)网站. New techniques in plant biotechnology,2014 被引 1    
5.  荷兰遗传修饰委员会(COGEM)网站. Novel plant breeding techniques,2014 被引 1    
6.  英国环境释放咨询委员会(ACRE)网站. ACRE advice:New techniques used in plant breeding,2014 被引 1    
7.  Lusser M. Comparative regulatory approaches for groups of new plant breeding techniques. Nature Biotechnology,2013,30(5):437-446 被引 2    
8.  Lusser M. Deployment of new biotechnologies in plant breeding. Nat Biotechnol,2012,30(3):231-239 被引 13    
9.  Ledford H. US regulation misses some GM crops. Nature,2013,500(7463):389-390 被引 11    
10.  Holme I B. Intragenesis and cisgenesis as alternatives to transgenic crop development. Plant Biotechnology Journal,2013,11(4):395-407 被引 4    
11.  樊霞. 基于共词分析的我国产学研研究的发展态势. 科研管理,2013,34(9):11-18 被引 2    
12.  欧盟联合研究中心(JRC)网站. Comparative regulatory approaches for new plant breeding techniques-Workshop Proceedings,2014 被引 1    
13.  Hartung F. Precise plant breeding using new genome editing techniques:opportunities, safety and regulation in the EU. The Plant Journal,2014,78(5):742-752 被引 7    
14.  荷兰遗传修饰委员会(COGEM)网站. The status of oligonucleotides with in the context of site-directed mutagenesis,2015 被引 1    
15.  荷兰遗传修饰委员会(COGEM)网站. Should EU legislation be updated? Scientific developments throw new light on the process and product approaches,2015 被引 1    
16.  荷兰遗传修饰委员会(COGEM)网站. Zinc finger on the pulse:Developments and implications of zinc finger technology,2015 被引 1    
17.  . 欧洲科学院科学咨询理事会(EASAC),2014 被引 1    
18.  欧洲植物科学组织(EPSO)网站. On New Breeding Techniques-Ensuring an Innovative and Diversified European Agriculture,2014 被引 1    
19.  欧洲植物科学组织(EPSO)网站. Crop Genetic Improvement Technologies,2015 被引 1    
20.  EFSA. Scientific opinion addressing the safety assessment of plants developed through cisgenesis and intragenesis. EFSA Journal,2012,10(2):2561:1-2561:33 被引 2    
引证文献 1

1 王静 主要国家新型植物育种技术监管现状综述 中国农业科技导报,2019,21(5):1-7
被引 2

显示所有1篇文献

论文科学数据集
PlumX Metrics
相关文献

 作者相关
 关键词相关
 参考文献相关

版权所有 ©2008 中国科学院文献情报中心 制作维护:中国科学院文献情报中心
地址:北京中关村北四环西路33号 邮政编码:100190 联系电话:(010)82627496 E-mail:cscd@mail.las.ac.cn 京ICP备05002861号-4 | 京公网安备11010802043238号