欧盟新型植物育种技术的研究及监管现状
The Research and Regulatory Status of Novel Plant Breeding Techniques in Europe
查看参考文献27篇
文摘
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近年来多种具有较大应用前景的新型植物育种技术,如寡核苷酸定点诱变、锌指核酸酶技术、同源转基因技术、 RNA介导的DNA甲基化、反向育种、转基因砧木嫁接和农杆菌浸润等在欧洲发展迅速。这些新技术比常规育种技术更具特异性和针对性,可为育种家提供准确和有效的方法。文献计量学研究表明,农杆菌浸润和RNA介导的DNA甲基化等技术在欧盟研究中使用率较高;德国、英国是欧盟新型植物育种技术研究的重要国家。目前,欧盟正在讨论由这些新技术产生的植物是否属于其监管体系,尤其是2001/18/EC指令中定义的转基因生物。相关机构也纷纷发布一系列报告,对新技术产生的植物及产品的分类监管问题进行了广泛讨论。欧洲食品安全局分别对同源转基因(cisgenesis/Intragenesis)和锌指核酸酶(ZFN-3)等技术产生的植物进行风险评估,并认为Cisgenesis与常规育种技术植物的风险程度相当,Intragenesis和常规转基因技术获得的植物均可能造成新风险; ZFN-3技术比常规转基因技术具有更小的风险。 |
其他语种文摘
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Recently, a number of novel plant breeding techniques(NPBTs)with great application prospect, such as oligonucleotide directed mutagenesis(ODM), zinc finger nuclease(ZFN)technology, cisgenesis/intragenesis, RNA-dependent DNA methylation(RdDM), reverse breeding, grafting(on GM rootstock), and agro-infiltration, have been developed rapidly in Europe. These techniques are more specific and targeted than conventional breeding methods, and thereby can provide more precise, rapid and efficient methods for breeders. The results from literature metrology showed that agro-infiltration and RdDM were the most commonly used techniques in EU, and Germany and the UK were the leading countries on the research of NPBTs. To date, it is being discussed whether the plants produced by these new techniques are captured by the EU’s GMO legislation, in particular directive 2001/18/EC. In the abundant reports published by relevant organizations, the classification and supervision of plants and products generated by NPBTs were extensively discussed. The risk assessment of plants by ZFN-3 and Cisgenesis/ intragenesis was carried out by the European Food Safety Authority(EFSA)respectively. It was concluded that plants by cisgenesis had similar hazards with that produced by conventional breeding, whereas novel hazards might arise with intragenic and transgenic plants. In addition, the panel suggested that there would be fewer hazards for plants of ZFN-3 than conventional GMOs. |
来源
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生物技术通报
,2016,32(2):1-6 【扩展库】
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DOI
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10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2016.02.032
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关键词
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欧盟
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新型植物育种技术
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转基因生物
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监管
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地址
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中国科学院文献情报中心, 北京, 100190
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语种
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中文 |
文献类型
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综述型 |
ISSN
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1002-5464 |
文献收藏号
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CSCD:5645507
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