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无惧失败预测幸福:成就动机对心理幸福感的预测作用
Achievement Motivation as Predictors of Psychological Well-being in College Students

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宋勃东 1   李永娟 2   董好叶 3   方平 1   王岩 1 *  
文摘 前人研究发现成就动机影响个体的主观幸福感,而对心理幸福感的研究较少。本研究利用成就动机量表和心理幸福感量表,采用随机抽样的方法对214名大学生进行问卷调查。研究发现,成就动机与心理幸福感及其各维度呈显著正相关;成就动机的两个维度(追求成功的动机和避免失败的动机)对心理幸福感具有显著预测作用,且避免失败的维度相对贡献更大。结果提示,成就动机可以较好的正向预测心理幸福感,且避免失败的预测作用更强。
其他语种文摘 Previous studies have showed that achievement motivation greatly affects how a person feels and behaves. Literature has focused mostly on subjective well-being, and only a few studies have centered on psychological well-being, especially on the important relationship between fulfilling what one needs and what goals one pursues. Hence, the purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of achievement motivation on the psychological well-being of college students. Using random sampling, 214 college students were recruited from three universities. All students were assessed using the Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWBS) and Achievement Motivation Scale (AMS). The PWBS is made up of six subscales, namely, Autonomy (AU), Environmental Mastery (EM), Personal Growth (PG), Positive Relationships with Others (PR), Purpose in Life (PL), and Self-Acceptance (SA). The AMS consists of two subscales, which are motive to avoid failure and motive to pursue success. We investigated the relationships between achievement motivation with its two elements and psychological well-being (PWB) with its six elements. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance, independent-samples t test and relative importance analyses. As motive to avoid failure was shown to be significantly negatively correlated with motive to pursue success, a hierarchical regression analysis was not appropriate. Instead, we used relative importance analyses to determine the relative importance of the two factors of achievement motivation (motive to avoid failure and motive to pursue success). Results showed that the main effect of the student category between junior college and undergraduate students was significant (F = 5.01, p <. 05, η 2 =. 02, 1-β =. 606). The main effect of sex difference was not significant (F =. 32, p =. 08), nor was the interaction between student category and sex difference (F = 2.14, p =. 14). However, the PWB of undergraduates rated higher than that of junior college students (t = 2.08, p =. 03), especially in the three factors of PL (t = 2.07, p =. 03), SA (t = 2.00, p =. 04), and EM (t = 2.31, p =. 02). Importantly, the scores of achievement motivation were positively correlated with PWB (r =. 55, p <. 001) and the six factors (r =. 42,. 28,. 49,. 41,. 49,. 57; ps <. 001). Additionally, motive to avoid failure was negatively correlated with PWB (r =﹣.55, p <. 001), and motive to pursue success was positively correlated with PWB (r =. 31, p <. 001). To determine the relative importance of the two factors of achievement motivation (motive to avoid failure and motive to pursue success) when predicting PWB and its six factors, we calculated their relative importance weights. Both motive to avoid failure and motive to pursue success significantly predicted PWB. However, the relative importance weights of motive to avoid failure (80%) were stronger than motive to pursue success (16.7%). The results suggested that when predicting PWB and its six factors, the relative importance of motive to avoid failure was stronger than motive to pursue success. In conclusion, our study shows that achievement motivation can predict psychological well-being and the relative importance of motive to avoid failure is stronger than motive to pursue success when predicting PWB and its six factors. This article, therefore, broadens what we know about well-being.
来源 心理科学 ,2015,38(1):203-208 【核心库】
关键词 成就动机 ; 追求成功 ; 避免失败 ; 心理幸福感
地址

1. 首都师范大学心理学系,首都教育发展协同创新中心, 北京市“学习与认知”重点实验室, 北京, 100037  

2. 中国科学院心理研究所, 中国科学院行为科学重点实验室, 北京, 100101  

3. 邯郸学院教育学院心理学系, 邯郸, 056005

语种 中文
文献类型 研究性论文
ISSN 1671-6981
文献收藏号 CSCD:5385512

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引证文献 4 篇

1 李双双 公正世界信念与大学生心理幸福感:特质移情与利他行为的作用 中国临床心理学杂志,2017,25(2):359-362
被引 10 次

2 罗雪峰 高中生感恩对心理幸福感的影响:领悟社会支持和基本心理需要的链式中介作用 心理科学,2017,40(4):878-884
被引 2 次

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