植被格局对坡面流阻力影响的试验研究
Effects of Vegetation Patterns on Overland Flow Resistance
查看参考文献18篇
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文摘
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利用室内模拟降雨试验,定量研究在15°坡度和60,90,120,150 mm/h降雨强度下,茵陈蒿(Artemis-ia capillaris)不同分布格局对坡面流阻力(Darcy-Weisbach阻力系数,f)的影响。结果表明:由于植被格局的阻滞作用,相对于裸地坡面,不同格局坡面流阻力系数明显增大,平均阻力系数是裸坡的1.25?13. 13倍;带状格局(BP)、棋盘状格局(CP)和小斑块格局(XP)增强坡面流阻力的作用显著高于长条状格局(LP)。剪除地上部分后,根系作用坡面阻力系数显著降低,约为裸坡的0.75?3. 78倍。裸坡平均阻力系数随雨强增大呈减小趋势,完整植被格局和根系作用坡面相对阻力系数(与裸坡阻力系数比值)随雨强增大呈指数函数增大。阻力系数与水流雷诺数的关系可用幂函数表示;阻力系数与坡面侵蚀速率呈极显著幂函数关系。 |
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其他语种文摘
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Laboratory-simulated rainfall experiments were conducted on 15° slopes to quantify the effects of patchy distributed Artemisia capillaris on Darcy-Weisbach friction coefficient (f). Different intensities of 60,90,120,150 mm/h were applied on a bare plot (CK) and four different patched patterns: A checkerboard pattern (CP),a banded pattern perpendicular to the slope direction (BP),a single long strip parallel to slope direction (LP),and a pattern with small patches distributed like the letter ‘X,(XP). Each plot underwent two sets of experiments,intact plant and root plots (the above-ground parts were removed). Results showed that A. capillaris patterns could effectively retard overland flow. Mean f for patterned treatments was 1. 25?13. 13 times of that for CK. BP, CP, and XP performed more effectively than LP in increasing hydraulic roughness. The removal of grass shoots significantly reduced f with the values being 0. 75?3. 78 times of that for CK. A negative relationship between mean f for the bare plot and rainfall intensity was obtained, whereas for grass patterned plots fr (mean f in patterned plots divided by that for CK) increased exponentially with rainfall intensity. The f - Re relation was best fitted by a power function. Soil erosion rate could be well described using f by a power-law relationship. |
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来源
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水土保持学报
,2014,28(4):55-59,109 【核心库】
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关键词
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植被格局
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Darcy -Weisbach阻力系数
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坡面流
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模拟降雨
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地址
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1.
长江科学院水土保持研究所, 黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 武汉, 430010
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中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所, 黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 陕西, 杨凌, 712100
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湖北省环境科学研究院, 武汉, 430072
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语种
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中文 |
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文献类型
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研究性论文 |
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ISSN
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1009-2242 |
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学科
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农业基础科学 |
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基金
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国家自然科学基金项目
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中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项基金
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中国科学院战略性先导科技专项
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文献收藏号
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CSCD:5218839
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