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肠道菌群影响宿主行为的研究进展
Recent advances in understanding the impact of intestinal microbiota on host behavior

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罗佳   金锋 *  
文摘 肠道内定植了数量众多、种类丰富的肠道菌群,它们和宿主间形成了互利共生的关系,对宿主的健康产生着重大影响.近年来,随着对肠道菌群调控作用研究的不断深入,发现肠道菌群不仅调控肠道活动,还影响宿主的脑功能和行为.肠道菌群通过肠-脑轴调控宿主行为,而肠-脑轴是由免疫、神经内分泌和迷走神经途径构成的肠道和脑之间的交流系统.动物研究(无菌动物、肠道病原菌感染以及抗生素和益生菌处理动物)和临床观测结果表明,肠道菌群通过肠-脑轴对宿主的应激反应、焦虑、抑郁和认知功能产生重要影响.平衡的肠道菌群可以促进宿主的身心健康,而肠道菌群失调则可能引发肠-脑疾病(如肠易激综合征、炎性肠道疾病和肝性脑病)和中枢神经系统疾病(如多发性硬化症、阿尔兹海默症和自闭症等).深入了解肠道菌群对宿主行为的影响,有助于更好地理解肠易激综合征和多发性硬化症等的发病机理,并认识到调节和恢复正常肠道菌群的安全有效措施(补充益生菌)是治疗精神心理疾病的重要组成部分.
其他语种文摘 The complex communities of enteric flora that colonize the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract play an important role in human health. Within the GI tract, microbiota have a mutually beneficial relationship with their host by modulating gut motility and secretion, as well as maintaining normal mucosal immune function, epithelial barrier integrity and nutrient absorption. Although the impact of enteric flora on regulating GI physiological activity is well known, how microbiota influence brain function and behavior is poorly understood. Accumulating data indicates that intestinal microbiota might communicate with the central nervous system (CNS) through immune, neuroendocrine and neural pathways, termed the gut-brain axis. Studies in germ-free animals and in animals exposed to pathogenic bacterial infections, probiotic bacteria or antibiotic drugs suggest a role for intestinal microbiota in the regulation of stress responses, anxiety, depression and cognition. Homeostasis of enteric flora composition improves host health, while disruption of this composition alters gut-brain functions and increases susceptibility to diseases, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease(IBD), hepatic encephalopathy (HE), autism, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), multiple sclerosis (MS) and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). In support of this proposition, increasing data from clinical studies revealed that enteric flora composition from patients of the above diseases are altered compared to healthy individuals, and microbiota dysbiosis can induce similar symptoms in animals. An increased understanding of the impact of microbiota on behavior could provide insights into the pathogenesis of gut-brain dysfunction (IBS, IBD and HE) and CNS disease (MS, autism and AD, etc.), and promote further exploration for the development of microbiota-based or microbiota-specific therapeutic strategies for CNS disease.
来源 科学通报 ,2014,59(22):2169-2190 【核心库】
关键词 肠道菌群 ; 肠-脑轴 ; 焦虑 ; 抑郁 ; 认知
地址

中国科学院心理研究所, 中国科学院心理健康重点实验室, 北京, 100101

语种 中文
文献类型 综述型
ISSN 0023-074X
基金 日本 NSBJ 乳酸菌研究特别寄付金资助
文献收藏号 CSCD:5214965

参考文献 共 255 共13页

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