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珠三角电子垃圾和城市地区家庭灰尘中多氯联苯的来源及暴露风险
Polychlorinated Biphenyls in House Dust at an E-waste Site and Urban Site in the Pearl River Delta, Southern China: Sources and Human Exposure and Health Risks

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朱智成 1   陈社军 1 *   丁南 1   王璟 2   罗孝俊 1   麦碧娴 1  
文摘 本研究对珠三角电子垃圾和城市地区家庭灰尘中多氯联苯(PCBs)进行了分析.结果表明,清远电子垃圾区灰尘中PCBs的含量为12.4~87 765 ng·g~(-1),平均10 167 ng·g~(-1).室内和庭院灰尘中PCBs的含量无显著差别.电子垃圾区灰尘中PCBs组成模式(以3、5、6、4氯代PCBs为主),与我国工业品中PCBs的组成并不相似,并且室内外灰尘中的组成没有明显的差别.采用化学质量平衡受体模型进行源解析显示,电子垃圾区灰尘中PCBs主要来自Aroclor 1262(36.7%)、Aroclor 1254(26.7%)、Aroclor 1242(21.4%)和Aroclor 1248(18.5%).电子垃圾区婴幼儿、儿童/青少年、成人通过灰尘对PCBs的平均日暴露量分别为42、17和2.9 ng·(kg·d)~(-1).风险评估显示,婴幼儿、儿童和青少年通过灰尘暴露PCBs的总非癌症危害商数(HQ)均高于1,可对身体健康产生危害,人群终生平均致癌风险为4.5×10~(-5),处于美国EPA可接受的致癌风险范围.广州地区家庭灰尘中PCBs的平均含量仅为48.7 ng·g~(-1),这与PCBs并未在我国大范围使用一致.广州地区人群通过家庭灰尘暴露PCBs的风险很低.
其他语种文摘 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured in house dust from an e-waste site and urban site in the Pearl River Delta, southern China. The PCB concentrations in house dust at the e-waste site ranged from 12.4 to 87 765 ng·g~(-1), with an average of 10 167 ng·g~(-1). There was no significant difference in the PCB concentrations between indoor and outdoor dust. The PCB homologue pattern was dominated by tri-, penta-, hexa-, and tetra-CBs, which was not similar to that in Chinese technical PCB product. There was also no significant difference in the PCB compositions between indoor and outdoor dust. PCB sources in house dust at the e-waste site were apportioned by chemical mass balance (CMB) model. The results showed that the PCBs were derived primarily from Aroclor 1262 (36.7%), Aroclor 1254 (26.7%), Aroclor 1242 (21.4%), and Aroclor 1248 (18.5%). The daily exposure doses were 42, 17, and 2.9 ng·(kg·d)~(-1) for toddlers, children/adolescents, and adults in the e-waste area, respectively. Risk assessment indicated that the hazard quotients were higher than 1 for toddlers and children/adolescents indicating adverse effects for them. The lifetime average excess carcinogenic risk for population in the e-waste area was 4.5×10~(-5), within the acceptable range of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The mean concentrations of PCBs in house dust in Guangzhou was 48.7 ng·g~(-1). The low PCB level is consistent with the fact that technical PCBs were not widely used in China in the past. The risks of exposure to PCBs via house dust in Guangzhou are very low.
来源 环境科学 ,2014,35(8):3066-3072 【核心库】
DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.2014.08.033
关键词 多氯联苯 ; 家庭灰尘 ; 电子垃圾 ; 来源 ; 暴露风险
地址

1. 中国科学院广州地球化学研究所, 有机地球化学国家重点实验室, 广州, 510640  

2. 工业和信息化部电子第五研究所赛宝认证中心, 广州, 510610

语种 中文
文献类型 研究性论文
ISSN 0250-3301
学科 环境科学基础理论;环境质量评价与环境监测
基金 国家自然科学基金项目
文献收藏号 CSCD:5206745

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