积极效应研究的几个方法学问题
On the Methodological Issues of Studies on Positivity Effect
查看参考文献65篇
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文摘
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社会情绪选择理论从时间知觉和动机的角度推论老年人的情绪加工有积极效应; 即与年轻人相比，老年人更偏向于加工积极刺激而回避消极刺激。但是，关于积极效应的实证研究有诸多不一致之处。分析近年相关研究的设计细节，验证积极效应的研究多采用年轻和老年两个年龄组的对照，而采用3个以上年龄组被试的研究结果不一致; 积极效应在东方文化下的应用研究结论也不一致; 多样化的情绪刺激、情绪分类和刺激呈现方式是各研究结论差异的重要原因，而且积极效应研究应区分"情绪偏向"和"情绪效应"两种年龄组评价方式。因此，今后研究需要尽可能地扩大年龄范围以确认积极效应出现时间、加强跨文化、跨地区比较以验证积极效应的普适性，并提高研究中所用刺激材料的生态效度，深入探索积极效应的普遍性与神经机制。 |
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其他语种文摘
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From perspectives of time perception and motivation, Socioemotional Selectivity Theory postulated that older adults' processing of emotional stimuli is positively affected. In comparison with young adults, older adults tend to prefer positive stimuli and avoid negative stimuli. Nevertheless, results of current empirical studies with regards to this positivity effect were inconsistent. Previous literatures on positivity effect showed concerns for four methodological issues. This included 1) the inconsistence between studies regarding the between-group differences (e.g., between two or three groups), 2) the cross-cultural generalizability of the results, and considered that 3) the multiplicity of emotional stimuli, categorization, and mode of presentation were the main reasons for the differences among previous literature, and future research on the positivity effect would require differentiation of the constructs of "emotional bias" and "emotional effect". Future research on positivity effect can be improved through expanding the age range of participants, validating results based on cross-cultural and cross-region comparison, and improving the ecological validity of stimuli. |
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来源
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心理科学进展
,2014,22(7):1103-1111 【核心库】
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关键词
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社会情绪选择理论
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积极效应
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跨文化
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情绪刺激
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地址
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中国科学院心理研究所, 中国科学院心理健康重点实验室, 北京, 100101
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语种
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中文 |
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文献类型
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研究性论文 |
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ISSN
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1671-3710 |
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学科
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社会科学总论 |
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基金
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中国科学院心理健康重点实验室经费资助
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文献收藏号
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CSCD:5185511
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65
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