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1993-2008年中国土地与人口城市化协调度及区域差异
Coordination and regional difference of urban land expansion and demographic urbanization in China during 1993-2008

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朱凤凯 1   张凤荣 2   李灿 3   焦鹏飞 2   王静霞 2  
文摘 当前，中国正经历着城市化的飞速发展和重要转型，认识把握土地城市化与人口城市化协调性和区域差异，对统筹区域城市化的"人地配置"和实现新型城镇化意义重大。选取全国地级以上城市为样本，运用协调度指数、塞尔指数等模型，考察20世纪90年代城市化快速发展以来，土地城市化与人口城市化速率及其协调性的时空变化，在此基础上分析由此造成的建成区非农人口密度变化及区域差异。结果表明：①土地财政主导下，城市扩张速度普遍加快，土地城市化与人口城市化不协调现象由东部地区扩展到全国范围；②地级以上城市建成区非农人口密度普遍下降，而直辖市等经济发达地区建成区的大幅扩张导致非农人口密度区域差异缩小；③区域间建设用地指标与人口非农化相匹配的"人地挂钩"，是未来实现健康、协调城市化的有效途径。
其他语种文摘 Much global attention has been paid to China's stable and rapid economic growth and urbanization in recent 30 years since the economic reform and opening-up from the end of the 1970s. At present, China is experiencing rapid development and important transition of urbanization. However, under the background of the urbanrural dual system for population registration and social welfare, China's urbanization process is different from the western countries. It is regarded as a local government-oriented urbanization. Local governments' excessive dependence on land finance has led to a continuous rapid expansion of urban built- up areas. Meanwhile, the household registration system and the high living cost in cities hindered farmers to become real urban residents. Urban land expansion and demographic urbanization became increasingly uncoordinated. Understanding the coordination and regional differences of these two processes will be of great significance to China's new urbanization initiative, which promotes healthy, scientific and sustainable urban transition. In this paper, we focus on the widely existing phenomenon that demographic urbanization of rural population lags behind urban land expansion. A coordination model, Theil index and GIS were used to re-examine the process of urban land expansion and population absorption since the early 1990s, investigate the coordination of human-land relationship in the process of urbanization, and analyze the change of non-agricultural population density in the process of urbanization and its regional differences. We hope the conclusion provides certain references for regulating the development of regional urban land and population. The spatio-temporal evolution of the coordination of urban land expansion and demographic urbanization was analyzed based on the data from China City Statistical Yearbooks. By using the Theil index, the change and regional differences of non-agricultural population density of the builtup areas was also discussed. The results indicate that: (1) Dominated by the strong incentives of land finance, the speed of urban expansion of all provinces in China was generally very fast. The disharmony of urban land expansion and population urbanization extended from the eastern part to the rest of the country, which can be considered as a result of similar urban planning methods and urban development patterns; (2) The non-agricultural population density of the built-up areas generally declined due to this disharmony. Differences between and within regions have shown a tendency of convergence over time. The difference within region was the dominant cause of the interprovincial differences. The huge expansion of the urban built-up areas in direct-controlled municipalities and some other economically developed regions reduced the regional difference of the non-agricultural population density after 2004; (3) The development paradigm that local governments confiscates land without fully integrating the landless farmers into the urban welfare system and providing them with sustainable livelihood choices in urban areas must be abandoned. The new urbanization initiative should make urban housing, social security and medical care available for migrant workers. Local governments should treat them as regular urban residents. Reasonable allocation of construction land, that matches the non-agricultural population, is an effective way to achieve healthy and coordinated urbanization in the future. It is imperative for the government to develop strategies toward a coordinated urbanization in China.
来源 地理科学进展 ,2014,33(5):647-656 【核心库】
关键词 土地城市化 ; 人口城市化 ; 协调度 ; 区域差异 ; 中国
地址

1. 华中农业大学土地管理学院, 武汉, 430070  

2. 中国农业大学资源与环境学院, 北京, 100193  

3. 华南农业大学公共管理学院, 广州, 510642

语种 中文
文献类型 研究性论文
ISSN 1007-6301
学科 社会科学总论
基金 国家自然科学基金项目
文献收藏号 CSCD:5149312

参考文献 共 29 共2页

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