生态系统服务制图研究进展
The progress in ecosystem services mapping: a review
查看参考文献90篇
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文摘
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生态系统服务是生态学研究的前沿方向之一,生态系统服务制图是将生态系统服务的评估结果纳入到生态环境保护规划与管理决策制定与实施过程中的重要组成部分。生态系统服务制图是根据决策需求,选择合适的制图评价方法,对特定时空尺度上生态系统服务的空间分布以及在各种自然-社会因素共同影响下生态系统服务的情景变化进行量化描述的过程。它最终为决策参与者提供研究区域生态系统服务时空变化特征具体的、可视的量化描述,辅助决策者权衡利弊,最终制定出符合区域生态环境与人类社会共同可持续发展的最优决策。综述了生态系统服务制图的内涵及其在辅助决策过程中的重要作用;介绍了生态系统服务的重点研究内容(生态系统服务的提供、需求及权衡协同关系制图)及研究方法;并对目前研究中所存在的问题进行了深入的探讨,归纳了生态系统服务的制图评价流程及未来重点的研究方向。 |
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其他语种文摘
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Ecosystem services mapping has been becoming one of the forefronts in the field of ecosystem services researches. Ecosystems deliver bunches of vital services for human society, such as food, water provision and water purification, carbon sequestration, soil protection, and entertainment. The sustainable capability of ecosystems to provide these services is influenced by changes of biophysical condition (e.g. The changes in land use and land cover, biodiversity, atmospheric composition and climate) and human society (e.g. The changes of socio-economic characteristics, demand and consumptive patterns of human beings), which alter the correlation of demand and supply in ecosystem services through impacting the composition, structure, and processes of ecosystems. Ecosystem services mapping is a process that assesses the component, spatial distribution and mutual relationships of ecosystem services in specific spatial-temporal scales by using multiple mapping methods and multi-sources data. These series of spatially explicit maps not only reveal the quantitative characteristics of the current regional ecosystem service, but also exposit the potential changes caused by different environmental scenarios. These visualized mapping result can facilitate decision makers to integrate ecosystem services into environmental protection planning and implementing, and assist them to weigh the pros and cons of the possible environmental variable scenarios and the consequences of likely decisions, in addition, to make an informed decision which benefits the sustainable developmental of natural-human systems. In the past few years, the widespread use of GIS and availability of the high spatial and temporal resolution RS data sets have prominently promoted the capability of ecosystem services mapping. After reviewing the researches published recently, we identified and summarized that ecosystem services mapping is primarily focusing on: (1) the mapping of ecosystem services supply which refers to the capacity of an given area to provide a specific bundle of ecosystem services within a particular time scale; (2) the mapping of ecosystem services demand which is the sum of all ecosystem services consumed by people in a particular area and specific time period; (3) and the mapping of the ecosystem services trade-offs and synergies, the former refers to the increment of one ecosystem service which is at the cost of the other ecosystem service, the latter means the synchronous variations among many different ecosystem services. Although there are lots of practical cases, ecosystem services mapping is still at its early stage. The core of ecosystem services mapping is a process about how to meet the needs of policy makers by using appropriate mapping methods, however, cautions must be mentioned in the broad use of mapping methods or models because they are scale-dependent and context-specific, and the mapping results need to be validated and verified against the observational data. |
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来源
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生态学报
,2014,34(2):316-325 【核心库】
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DOI
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10.5846/stxb201303110391
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关键词
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生态系统服务
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生态系统服务制图
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环境保护
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决策制定
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地址
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中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室, 北京, 100085
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语种
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中文 |
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文献类型
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综述型 |
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ISSN
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1000-0933 |
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基金
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国家自然科学基金重点资助项目
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文献收藏号
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CSCD:5049954
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