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长江流域淡水软体动物物种多样性及其分布格局
DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION PATTERN OF FRESHWATER MOLLUSCS IN THE YANGTZE RIVER BASIN

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文摘 研究以正式发表的淡水软体动物文献和部分未发表野外调查数据为基础资料, 分析了长江流域淡水软体动物物种多样性及分布格局。长江流域已报道的软体动物有296种, 隶属17科62属, 其中有197种是中国特有种。田螺科、肋蜷科、盖螺科、椎实螺科和蚌科是长江流域软体动物的主要组成部分, 这5科种类数之和达249种, 占总数的84.1%。从总体上低海拔地区的软体动物物种数高于高海拔地区, 而高海拔地区特有种所占的比例却高于低海拔地区。支流和湖泊的种类数接近, 分别为202种和210种, 远高于长江干流(31种)。各水系软体动物的种类数、特有种数及特有种比例明显不同, 洞庭湖水系和鄱阳湖水系的多样性最高。聚类分析表明, 长江流域软体动物的分布基本反映了流域内的地势特点, 形成了高原、中低海拔山地和低海拔平原的分布格局。不同类群的物种其分布格局也不相同, 田螺科和椎实螺科的分布范围较广, 肋蜷科和盖螺科种类分布范围狭窄, 多数种类仅存在于单个水系, 蚌科种类分布最为集中, 以鄱阳湖和洞庭湖的种类最为丰富, 种类数分别为58种和45种。研究表明, 金沙江下游(云贵高原湖泊)、鄱阳湖和洞庭湖软体动物物种多样性丰富, 建议将其列为我国淡水软体动物急需关注和保护的热点地区。
其他语种文摘 Based on published studies and some unpublished data of our survey, we analyzed diversity and distribution pattern of freshwater molluscs in the Yangtze River basin. Altogether, 297 valid species are recognized, belonging to 62 genera in 17 families; particularly197 species are endemic to China. Viviparidae, Plenroseridae, Pomatiopsidae, Limnaeidae and Unionidae are the predominant components, accounting for 250 species and 84.2% of the total. Total species richness decreases while the ratio of endemic species richness to total species increases with elevated elevation. Species richness in the tributaries and lakes of the Yangtze River were greatly higher than those in the mainstream, suggesting that the tributaries and lakes were essentially important for sustaining molluscan biodiversity in the basin. Species richness, endemic species and endemisity were significantly variable at the sub-basin scale with the most diverse fauna occurred in the Lake Dongting sub-basin and Lake Poyang sub-bain. Cluster analysis indicated that distribution the patterns of freshwater molluscs reflected the topographic characteristics of the basin, and formed the patten of medium altitude plateau, medium-low altitude hilly area, and low-altitude plain. Species distribution of the major groups extremely varied: 1) the Viviparidae and Limnaeidae had the broadest distribution; 2) most species of the Plenroseridae and Pomatiopsidae had a restricted distribution only at one sub-basin; 3) the species of the Unionidae were concentrated in the mid-lower Yangtze Basin, especially in Lake Poyang and Lake Dongting with 58 species and 45 species respectively. Our study indicated that Lake Dongting, Lake Poyang and the lower Jinshajiang sub-basin (especially lakes in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau) had most diverse molluscan fauna, and they should be considered as hotspots for conservation of freshwater molluscs.
来源 水生生物学报 ,2014,38(1):19-26 【核心库】
关键词 软体动物 ; 物种多样性 ; 分布格局 ; 长江流域
地址

中国科学院水生生物研究所, 淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室, 武汉, 430072

语种 中文
文献类型 研究性论文
ISSN 1000-3207
学科 普通生物学
基金 中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目 ;  国家自然科学基金项目 ;  曲阜师范大学"十一五"计划省级重点建设项目 ;  南四湖湿地生态与环境保护重点实验室项目资助
文献收藏号 CSCD:5046692

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