汉语婴儿词汇学习的注意偏好
Attentional Bias for Word Learning—Mandarin-Speaking Infants’ Discrimination of Persons,Actions,and Objects
查看参考文献40篇
|
文摘
|
婴儿的动、名词词类学习存在跨文化差异,但是很少研究从注意偏好角度解释这类差异。本研究利用习惯化范式考察汉语婴儿在6-8个月和17-19个月时对事件中人物,动作和物体的区分。结果发现,6-8个月的婴儿仅能区分动作变化,对人物和物体无法区分,而17-19个月的婴儿对三类变化均可以区分。本研究提供了婴儿早期注意偏好发展的实验依据,同时为儿童早期单词获得提供了新的理论基础。 |
|
其他语种文摘
|
Word learning requires establishing a mapping between words and concepts.Yet,even before this mapping process,children need to attend to and identify conceptual units from perceptual inputs.From an associative perspective,attention is the initial step of early word learning,and differences in attentional patterns could play a role in language acquisition and development.English learners typically show vocabularies that are dominated by nouns,while studies reveal that verbs are acquired early and in large quantities by Mandarin Chinese learners.However,little research has examined whether English and Mandarin leamers’early comprehension and production of nouns and verbs could be attributed to attentional patterns.Thus,the interest for the present study is whether we will find fundamental differences in attentional patterns to complex scenes across developmental spans.In particular,we are interested in how the process of word learning may interact with attention among children who have not yet begun this process(i.e.6 month olds) vs.children who are in the middle of an explosive phase of early vocabulary development(i.e.18-month-olds). In this study,we explore Mandarin-learning infants’abilities to discriminate among persons,actions,and objects in both silent and word-learning environments.Infants were randomly assigned to a habituation scene,in which a videotaped event of a young woman performing a novel action on a novel object was presented to infants in a habituation paradigm.Once they were bored,the infants were presented with four test trials,in which none(control trial) or one of the three elements changed(person Change,action change,object change) with the other two held consistent with the habituation.The infants’looking time was calculated on-line by a live experimenter who was blind to the stimuli appearing on the screen and coded the infant’s eye movement through a curtain hole. These studies aim to further investigate the cognitive mechanism underlying word-to-world mapping.Some researchers have provided the evidence that Mandarin-speaking infants only learn word-action associations but not word-object associations.Not only could the present study help clarify and complement the previous findings,but also it contributes to the theoretical framework of word learning as a development process manifested at multiple levels.The current studies also provided the evidence in both the developmental changes in infants’attentional patterns.Overall,6-to 8-month olds could discriminate different actions,paying more attention to action change than control,but not different objects.In contrast,for the 17-to 19-month olds,they paid more attention to all change trials than control. |
|
来源
|
心理科学
,2012,35(4):786-792 【核心库】
|
|
关键词
|
词汇学习
;
名词优势
;
注意偏好
;
动作
;
客体
|
|
地址
|
1.
密西根大学心理系, 美国, 48104
2.
北京大学心理系, 北京, 100084
3.
德拉维尔州立大学心理系, 美国, 19801
4.
中国科学院心理研究所, 北京, 100101
|
|
语种
|
中文 |
|
ISSN
|
1671-6981 |
|
学科
|
社会科学总论 |
|
基金
|
国家自然科学基金
;
美国国立卫生研究院（NIH）项目
|
|
文献收藏号
|
CSCD:4653883
|
参考文献 共
40
共2页
|
|
1.
Bomstein M H. Cross - Linguistic Analysis of Vocabulary in Young Children: Spanish, Dutch, French, Hebrew, Italian, Korean, and American English.
Child Development,2004,75(4):1115-1139
|
被引
1
次
|
|
|
|
|
2.
Brown P. Children's first verbs in Tzeltal: Evidence for an early verb category.
Linguistics,1998,36(4):713-753
|
被引
2
次
|
|
|
|
|
3.
Chan C.
Toward a cultural account of early word learning: English and Chinese infants' mapping of Novel words to Objects, Actions, and Agents. Unpublished manuscript,2008
|
被引
1
次
|
|
|
|
|
4.
Chen J.
Attentional Patterns in English - and Mandarin - speaking Infants' Discrimination of Persons, Actions, and Objects in Word Learning
|
被引
1
次
|
|
|
|
|
5.
Choi S. Early acquisition of verbs in Korean: A cross - linguistic study.
Journal of Child Language,1995,22(3):497-529
|
被引
6
次
|
|
|
|
|
6.
DOdorico L. Vocabulary development in Italian children: A longitudinal evaluation of quantitative and qualitative aspects.
Journal of Child Language,2001,28(2):351-372
|
被引
1
次
|
|
|
|
|
7.
Dickinson D K E.
Beginning Literacy with Language: Young Children Learning at Home and School, 21285 - 0624 ($29.95). Tel: 800 - 638 - 3775 (Toll Free); Fax: 410 -337 - 8539,2001
|
被引
1
次
|
|
|
|
|
8.
Fenson L. Variability in early communicative development.
Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development,1994,59(5):v-173
|
被引
1
次
|
|
|
|
|
9.
Gentner D. Why nouns are learned before verbs: Linguistic relativity versus natural partitioning.
Language development: Vol. 2: Language, thought, and culture,1982:301-334
|
被引
1
次
|
|
|
|
|
10.
Gentner D. Individuation, relativity, and early word learning.
Language Acquistion and Conceptual Development,2001
|
被引
1
次
|
|
|
|
|
11.
Gillette J. Human simulations of vocabulary learning.
Cognition,1999,73(2):135-176
|
被引
3
次
|
|
|
|
|
12.
Goksun T. Who is crossing where? Infants' discrimination of figures and grounds in events.
Cognition,2011,121(2):176-195
|
被引
1
次
|
|
|
|
|
13.
Golinkoff R M. The infant's perception of causal events: The distinction between animate and inanimate objects.
Advances in infancy research (Vol. 3),1984:145-151
|
被引
1
次
|
|
|
|
|
14.
Gopnik A. Names, relational words, and cognitive development in English and Korean speakers: Nouns are not always learned before verbs.
Beyond names for things: Young children's acquisition of verbs,1995:63-80
|
被引
1
次
|
|
|
|
|
15.
Hart B.
Meaningful Differences in the Everyday Experience of Young American Children, 21285 -0624 ($22),1995
|
被引
1
次
|
|
|
|
|
16.
Hirsh-Pasek K. King Solomon's take on word learning: an integrative account from the radical middle.
Advances in Child Development and Behavior,In press:36
|
被引
1
次
|
|
|
|
|
17.
Imai M. A cross - linguistic study of early word meaning: universal ontology and linguistic influence.
Cognition,1997,62(2):169-200
|
被引
1
次
|
|
|
|
|
18.
Imai M. Novel noun and verb learning in Chinese -, English -, and Japanese - speaking children.
Child Development,2008,79(4):979-1000
|
被引
6
次
|
|
|
|
|
19.
Kannass K N. The development of attention and its relations to language in infancy and toddlerhood.
Journal of Cognition and Development,2008,9(2):222-246
|
被引
1
次
|
|
|
|
|
20.
Kim M. Early lexical development in English - and Korean - speaking children: Language - general and language - specific patterns.
Journal of Child Language,2000,27(2):225-254
|
被引
4
次
|
|
|
|
|
了解气象卫星更多信息，请访问