流域生态补偿研究现状及关键问题剖析
Review of Payments for Ecosystem Services and the Key Issues in a Watershed
查看参考文献65篇
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文摘
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在流域,因竞争性用水导致上下游之间、人类发展与生态环境之间的矛盾日益尖锐,急需建立健全流域生态补偿机制。通过对国内外流域生态补偿研究进展进行梳理,发现流域生态补偿研究主要集中在流域尺度的补偿计划实施评价、补偿尺度的选择、补偿标准的测算、生态补偿与减少贫困关系、流域生态补偿的空间差异性等方面,其关键问题在于生态补偿主体和对象的确定以及补偿标准的制定;研究认为通过流域断面水量水质及相关利益分析方法来确定补偿主体和对象;而补偿标准则以流域上下游生态损益、机会成本、居民支付意愿分别作为补偿上限、参考值和下限来综合确定。以此为基础,构建流域多种生态要素、多元主体间的流域生态补偿机制研究框架。最后,就流域生态补偿机制构建过程中有待解决的科学问题进行了讨论。 |
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其他语种文摘
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In a watershed,competitive water use in upstream and downstream causes a conflict between development of human beings and eco-environment.It is high time to establish mechanism of payments for ecosystem services(PES).Domestic and foreign researches on PES in watersheds mainly focus on assessment on PES implementation,choice of compensation scale,calculation of compensation standard,relationship between PES and poverty reduction,and spatial differentiation of PES.The key issues are how to make eco-compensation standard and how to realize the beneficial owner recuperation.Compensation bodies and compensation objects are defined by analysis of stakeholders and water quantity and quality between upstream and downstream.Meanwhile,maximum standard,minimum standard and reference standard of eco-compensation are determined by calculating ecological profit and loss from upstream to downstream,opportunity cost and willingness to pay(WTP).Furthermore,PES mechanism of multi-level,multi-subject and multi-factor is established.Finally,difficulties are analyzed during the construction of PES mechanism in watersheds. |
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来源
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地理科学进展
,2012,31(4):395-402 【核心库】
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关键词
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生态补偿
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补偿标准
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补偿主体和对象
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生态服务
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流域
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地址
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1.
河南理工大学测绘与国土信息工程学院, 焦作, 454003
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中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所, 乌鲁木齐, 830011
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语种
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中文 |
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文献类型
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研究性论文 |
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ISSN
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1007-6301 |
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学科
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环境保护管理 |
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基金
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国家自然科学基金项目
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河南理工大学博士基金
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中国煤炭工业协会科学技术研究指导性计划项目
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河南理工大学青年骨干教师资助计划
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文献收藏号
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CSCD:4521318
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