太湖生物区系研究及与北美五大湖的比较
Aquatic Biota of Taihu Lake and Comparison with Those of the North American Great Lakes
查看参考文献63篇
文摘
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研究太湖水生生物区系特征,分析各类生物区系的变化及其原因,并与北美五大湖相应的水生生物区系进行了比较。结果表明:太湖共有水生生物146科442种,其中鱼类25科107种,占24.2%;底栖动物21科66种,占14.9%;浮游动物37科103种,占23.3%;浮游植物29科81种,占18.3%;水生植物34科85种,占19.2%。总体上太湖各类水生生物的种数和科数差别都不大,鱼类和浮游动物稍多。北美五大湖各类水生生物的种数分别为鱼类134种、底栖动物165种、浮游动物132种以及浮游植物1 456种,除浮游植物种类较多外,其他3类水生生物的种数与太湖大致相当。五大湖鱼类以鲑科和鲤科鱼类为主体,分别占鱼类总数的18.7%和20.1%,其中除伊利湖外其他4个湖都是鲑科占优势;太湖鱼类以鲤科为主体,占鱼类总数的56.1%,这是太湖鱼类区系的主要特征,也是我国淡水鱼类的主要特征,所以鲤科是我国水质基准推导的优先选择物种。太湖和五大湖中鱼类、底栖动物和浮游动物3类生物所占比例差别不大. |
其他语种文摘
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The characteristics and evolution of Taihu Lake aquatic biota were discussed and compared with those of the North American Great Lakes. The results showed that there are 442 species in 146 families in the Taihu aquatic biota as follows: 107 species of fishes in 25 families, accounting for 24.2%; 66 species of zoobenthos in 21 families, accounting for 14.9%; 103 species of zooplankton in 37 families, accounting for 23.3%; 81 species of phytoplankton in 29 families, accounting for 18.3%; and, 85 species of aquatic macrophytes in 34 families, accounting for 19.2%. The number of species and families of fishes and zooplankton are slightly higher than those of the other three aquatic organisms. The North America Great Lakes contain 134 species of fishes, 165 species of zoobenthos, 132 species of zooplankton and 1456 species of phytoplankton. The number of phytoplankton species is higher in the Great Lakes than in Taihu Lake, but otherwise the number of species of the other three types of aquatic organisms in the Great Lakes are roughly equal to Taihu Lake. The dominant species in the Great Lakes are cyprinid and salmonidae, accounting for 18.7% and 20.1%, respectively. The dominant species is cyprinid in four of the five Great Lakes except Lake Erie. The dominant species in Taihu Lake is cyprinid, accounting for 56.1% of the total number of fishes. It is the principle characteristic of Taihu Lake fish fauna and the principle characteristic for Chinese freshwater fish fauna. Therefore, cyprinid is the priority species used in the procedure of water quality criteria derivation. For fishes, zoobenthos and zooplankton, the species numbers are basically equivalent in Taihu Lake and the Great Lakes. |
来源
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环境科学研究
,2011,24(12):1346-1354 【核心库】
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关键词
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太湖
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水生生物
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生物区系
;
水质基准
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地址
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中国环境科学研究院, 北京, 100012
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语种
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中文 |
文献类型
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研究性论文 |
ISSN
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1001-6929 |
学科
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环境污染及其防治 |
基金
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国家973计划
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文献收藏号
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CSCD:4404406
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