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生态学试验设计与解释中的常见问题
Three common errors in Chinese ecological experimental design and interpretation

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牛海山 1   崔骁勇 1   汪诗平 1 *   王艳芬 2  
文摘 一个"好"的试验,统计检验的显著差异可证明处理效应存在;而一个"坏"的试验,统计检验的显著差异本身并不能证明处理效应的真实存在.试验单位的不独立就可能使干扰因素偏倚地影响试验结果,是多种形式的伪重复的根本原因.如果不统筹地考虑试验方法和数据分析方法,环境要素的时空格局就可能被错误地当成处理效应.以案例分析的形式探讨了中国生态学试验设计与解释中常见的3个问题:(1)简单伪重复问题,这是Hurlbert~([2])早已指出的伪重复情形中的一种,通常是把取样的重复当成了处理的重复;(2)把反复测量结果当成重复的问题,即对同一个对象的反应变量前后进行多次观测,却把这些观测值视为重复而进行统计检验所造成的问题;(3)混淆时空效应与处理效应的问题,由于取样方法(破坏性取样)或者研究对象(例如流动的水体)性质的特殊性等原因,数据中所体现出来的格局有可能由于时空效应而并非处理效应所造成.在这3种情况下,数据的产生方式与所用统计方法的前提相违背.
其他语种文摘 The logic of experiments is discussed, and three common mistakes in designing and interpreting experiments among ecologists are analyzed. Researchers sometimes overlook logic problems, while paying too much attention to statistical techniques. A statistically significant difference can demonstrate treatment effect for a well-designed experiment, but it might not for a "bad" experiment. Any extraneous variables that change systematically along with the treatment threaten the internal validity of an experiment. The bias in some cases arises from interdependence between experimental units, which is the case with pseudo-replication, a term coined by S. Hurlbert in 1984. In this paper we review experiments published in one issue each of two of the most influential ecology journals, Journal of Plant Ecology and Acta Ecologica Sinica. Some cases are selected and analyzed to exemplify three mistakes which are commonly made by Chinese ecologists when designing an experiment or interpreting data. They are: (1) simple pseudo-replication, (2) confusing repeated measurements as replicates or temporal pseudo-replication in terms of Hurlbert, and (3) wrongly treating a spatial or temporal pattern as a treatment effect. Among the experiments reviewed, 17.9%-42.9% in Journal of Plant Ecology and 14.3%-42.9% in Acta Ecologica Sinica involved at least one type of the errors mentioned above.
来源 生态学报 ,2009,29(7):3901-3910 【核心库】
关键词 试验设计 ; 生态学试验 ; 简单伪重复 ; 反复测量 ; 误差估计 ; 重复 ; 时空变异
地址

1. 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所, 中国科学院高原生物适应与进化重点实验室, 青海, 西宁, 810008  

2. 中国科学院研究生院, 北京, 100049

语种 中文
文献类型 研究性论文
ISSN 1000-0933
学科 普通生物学
基金 中国科学院知识创新工程西部行动计划项目 ;  中国科学院“百人计划”项目
文献收藏号 CSCD:3733872

参考文献 共 34 共2页

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牛海山 0000-0001-5701-4487
崔骁勇 0000-0001-7592-5866
王艳芬 0000-0001-5666-9289
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