桂西北喀斯特人为干扰区植被的演替规律与更新策略
Vegetation Succession Rule Andregeneration Stratigies Disturbed Karst Area, Northwest Guangxi
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文摘
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采用全面调查和样方调查方法，以木论自然保护区顶级群落为对照，运用群落生态学原理和方法，研究桂西北喀斯特人为干扰区进入环境保护阶段22a后植被自然恢复过程中群落的演替规律及物种多样性变化。结果表明，干扰区的物种多样性丧失严重，有维管束植物91科206属241种，仅为自然保护区的26．6％，6种植被类型的顺向演替系列为石漠化稀疏草丛→草丛→草灌丛→灌丛→藤刺灌丛→乔灌丛。除石漠化稀疏草丛植被极少外，随着干扰区群落的自然恢复，群落的高度（0．49～15．56m）上升而密度（468．50～0．31株／m~2）下降，总盖度呈高（0．85）→低（0．50）→最高（0．90）→次高（0．80）的变化；群落生物量（7．74—131．42t／hm~2）逐渐积累增大，随高度的升高和草本生物量占总生物量百分比的减少而增加；物种数（14—46）、Shannon—Wiener多样性指数（0．89—4．13）升高，生态优势度在演替的前期（0．28）和后期（0．23）较高，中间较低且保持相对稳定（0．10～0．16），均匀度的变化规律正好相反。和顶级群落相比，干扰区最大的群落高度、生物量和多样性指数分别下降了10．82m、42．02t／hm~2和0．29。针对干扰区植被恢复缓慢的现状，分析了喀斯特干扰区形成机理及其对植被的影响，提出了干扰区不同立地类型上人工与自然相结合的3条植被恢复途径，对大面积处于极度退化下的桂西北喀斯特人为干扰区植被的恢复建设和生态重建具有重要的理论价值和实际指导意义。 |
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其他语种文摘
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The vegetation succession and biodiversity changes in 22 years＇ natural restoration after environmental protection were studied in disturbed karst area in northwest Guangxi, via the spot investigation and referred literatures in this paper. Taken climax community in Mulun Natural Reserve as contrast, disturbance theory and community analysis methods were adopted in this study.
investigation showed that there were about 241 species of vascular plant, which belong to 91 families and 206 genera in karst area in the northwest of Guangxi with only 26.6% of species in Mulun Natural Reserve. It indicated that species diversity lost severely in disturbed karst area. There were six vegetation growth forms in the sere, sparse grass of rocky desertification, grassland, grass - shrub, shrub, vine - shrub, tree - shrub. In the sere except the stage with sparse grass of rocky desertification, the average community height ranged from 0.49 m to 15.56 m while density from 468.50 plants per ha~2 to 0.31 plants per ha~2 , and whole coverage was in the trend of higher （0.85）, low （0.50）, highest （0.90） and high （0.80） after natural restoration. The community biomass varied from 7.74 tons per ha2 to 131.42 tons per ha~2 with the ＋ community height increasing and the percentage of the grass biomass to the whole community biomass decreasing. The species diversity and Shannon - Wiener＇ s index in- creased gradually, from 14 to 46 and from 0.89 to 4.13, respectively. Ecological dominance in the middle stages of the succession lowered from 0.10 to 0.16 with comparative less variations, whereas 0.28 in the beginning and 0.23 in the ending. The reverse was true to the rule of evenness. Compared to the climax community, the largest height, biomass and diversity index reduced by 10.82 m, 42.02 tons per hm~2 and 0.29, respectively. According to slow vegetation restoration in disturbed area, the authors discussed the formation mechanism of disturbed area and the effects on vegetation. Meanwhile, the authors put forward three approaches with combination of nature and human being to vegetation recovery, which would be suitable in exceeding degradation in great karst disturbed area in northwest Guangxi. |
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来源
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山地学报
,2008,26(5):597-604 【核心库】
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关键词
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干扰区
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自然恢复
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群落演替
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多样性
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更新策略
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桂西北喀斯特
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地址
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中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所, 湖南, 长沙, 410125
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语种
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中文 |
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文献类型
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研究性论文 |
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ISSN
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1008-2786 |
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学科
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社会科学总论;社会与环境 |
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基金
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中国科学院知识创新工程西部行动计划项目
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国家973计划
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国家“十一五”科技支撑计划项目
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文献收藏号
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CSCD:3388397
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