道路侵蚀研究进展
A Review of Research on Road Erosion
查看参考文献52篇
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文摘
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道路建设的加速会引发道路侵蚀的加剧。继而对生态环境产生很大的压力，为了减轻或控制道路侵蚀，必须了解道路侵蚀的特征，找出有效的防治措施。道路建设是对当地地形的改造。开挖以及填埋等扰动活动，会在原来地貌上形成不同的微地形。它们各有特点。形成不同的侵蚀特征。不同的道路部位侵蚀机理和侵蚀过程差别很大。现有研究对各个部位的侵蚀强度进行了比较，但结果并不一致。与其他用地相比，道路用地显著的改变了土壤的物理水文性质。加速了产流产沙过程。尤其对一个流域而言，道路的线性特征使其成为汇流引流的重要途径．直接影响着流域的行洪泄洪，而在这方面的研究较少。道路侵蚀预报仍然集中在经验统计模型的研究上。由于经验模型固有的弊端。不能明确反映侵蚀的机理。物理模型的研究更加迫切。尤其结合已有的农地侵蚀的过程模型更是加强的重点。道路侵蚀的防治措施主要包括工程措施，生物措施以及两者的组合．其水保效益都比较明显．但也往往受到当地自然环境和经济条件的限制。本文总结了国内外道路侵蚀研究成果。结合存在的问题指出了今后加强研究的重点。对理解道路侵蚀机理．开展道路侵蚀防治具有一定的指导意义． |
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其他语种文摘
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Road construction would accelerate soil erosion, which in turn would deteriorate natural ecology. To reduce or control road erosion, we should grasp road erosion characteristics and its mechanics, and then find the effective control measures. Landform would be changed to some extent in road construction processes. Different micro-topography would be formed on the original geomorphology, which produces different erosion characteristics. Meanwhile, the erosion mechanics and processes are different among these parts of a road. The existing researches on road erosion have no agreement on the erosion intensity for the respective part of the road. Compared with other land use types, road would significantly change the physical and hydrological properties of soil surface, and furthermore accelerate runoff and soil erosion. Especially for a watershed, the linear feature of a road helps to easily converge and conduct runoff. However, few research on this aspect until present. At present, the statistical model of road erosion prediction is still predominating. Due to the limitation of the statistical model itself, it can＇t reflect the erosion mechanics; so physical models should be the emphasis in the further researches. Especially, we should try our best to introduce the existing physical model on farmland. The control measures on road erosion mainly include the engineering ones, the biology ones and their combinations. All of them have different effectiveness in controlling soil loss, dependent on the local natural and economic factors. This paper reviewed the previous researches and pointed out some emphasis on road erosion in further study. It is significant for road erosion control and watershed environment protection. |
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来源
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地理科学进展
,2006,25(6):52-61 【核心库】
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关键词
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道路建设
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道路侵蚀
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道路侵蚀估算
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道路侵蚀防治
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地址
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1.
中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室, 北京, 100085
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北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院, 北京, 100875
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水利部水土保持监测中心, 北京, 100053
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语种
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中文 |
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文献类型
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研究性论文 |
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ISSN
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1007-6301 |
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学科
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农业基础科学 |
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基金
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国家自然科学基金项目
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文献收藏号
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CSCD:2666968
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52
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