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人格测验中题目正反向陈述的效应
Effects of Positively and Negatively Worded Items in Personality Measurement

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郭庆科 1   韩丹 1   王昭 1   时勘 2  
文摘 研究中将EPQ和NEO-FFI中的一半题目进行语义反转（肯定陈述的改为否定陈述，否定陈述的改为肯定陈述），而另一半的题目陈述方向不变，形成的量表用于初测。重测时则把初测问卷中的题目全部进行语义反转。测试后得到363名大学生的正反EPQ和412名大学生的正反NEO-FFI数据。对比发现两套量表在使用正向题时信度略高，而使用反向陈述题目时效度略好；验证性因素分析发现正反向题能测量同一特质。正向题可能更易受反应偏差影响。
其他语种文摘 In personality measurement, some examinees show the tendency of simply agreeing with the scale items regardless of the item content. This tendency is called acquiescence＇by Cronbach （1946, 1950）, and yea-or nay-saying＇by Couch and Keniston （1960）. To diminish this kind of response bias, negatively worded items are adopted. Negatively worded items require more attention to item content, and also can balance the impact of yea- or nay-saying on overall test scores. But studies on the change of item narrative direction have provided inconsistent findings. Whereas some studies show that the use of negatively worded items can increase reliability and validity （Sandoval and Lambert, 1978; Schriesheim and Hill, 1981 ; Williams et al. , 2001 ）, others show that the use of negatively worded items can confound factor structures （Weems et al. , 2001 ） and may result in a separate factor irrelevant to the trait being measured＂ （ Ibrahim, 2001 ）. When both positively and negatively worded items are used to measure a uni-dimensional trait, factor analysis will exact two factors, one is related to positively worded items and the other is related to negatively worded items. In this study, Chinese EPQ and NEO-FFI were used as personality measures, but items narration directions were changed in both measures. In one form （form Ⅰ ） of E the items negatively worded. In another form （ form Ⅱ ） PQ （or NEO-FFI）, half of items were positively worded, and half of of EPQ（or NEO-FFI） ,positive items in form Ⅰ were converted intonegative items, and negative items into positive ones. These two test forms of EPQ （or NEO-FFI） were administered to auniversity student group with the time interval of two weeks. Thus we obtained the data from 363 university students who took positively worded EPQ and negatively worded EPQ, and the data from 412 students who took positively worded NEO- FFI and negatively worded NEO-FFI. The result showed that positively worded sub-scales of EPQ and NEO-FFI were a little more reliable than their negative counterparts, α coefficients for three positive EPQ sub-scales （ E, P, N） were 0. 80, 0.42, 0. 75, for three negative EPQ sub-scales were 0. 82, 0. 45, 0. 81 ; ot coefficients for five positive NEO-FFI sub-scales （ N , E, O, A, C ） are 0. 82, 0. 65, 0. 69, 0. 64, 0.75, and for five negative NEO-FFI sub-scales were 0. 77, 0. 62, 0. 68, 0. 64, 0. 67. Confirmatory Factor Analyses showed that negative EPQ and NEO-FFI exhibited better fit than the positive ones： for negative EPQ, model χ^2 = 2456. 22, RMSEA = 0. 046, NNFI = 0.87, SRMR = 0. 069, for positive EPQ χ^2 = 2402. 96, RMSEA = 0. 045, NNFI = 0. 85, SRMR = 0. 072 ; for negative NEO-FFI χ^2 = 2868.20, RMSEA = 0. 066, NNFI = 0. 84, SRMR =0. 078, for positive NEO-FFI χ^2 =3952. 15, RMSEA =0. 075, NNFI =0. 79, SRMR =0. 086. Based on classmate nominations as criterions, sub-scales of negative EPQ and NEO-FFI showed higher correlations with criterions than positive ones. When all positive model, the fit measures did not become significantly positive and negative items were highly consistent. measure the same construct. and negative items of EPQ（ or NEO-FFI） factor analyzed in one CFA lower than the positive or negative item model, and loadings of the These results suggest that positive and negative forms of an item In conclusion, positive worded items may produce higher reliability, but lower construct validity and criterion-related validity than negative worded ones do. Negatively and positively worded items measure the same construct, but positively worded items may be more affected by response set bias.
来源 心理学报 ,2006,38(4):626-632 【核心库】
关键词 正向和反向陈述题目 ; 反应偏差 ; EPQ ; NEO-FFI
地址

1. 辽宁师范大学心理系, 大连, 116029  

2. 中国科学院心理研究所, 北京, 100101

语种 中文
ISSN 0439-755X
学科 社会科学总论
基金 国家自然科学基金资助项目
文献收藏号 CSCD:2662968

参考文献 共 17 共1页

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