古尔班通古特沙漠重大工程扰动地表稳定性与恢复研究
The Disturbance Effect of Construction Projects on Land Surface Stability and Rehabilitation Strategy in Gurbantunggut Desert
查看参考文献15篇
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文摘
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古尔班通古特沙漠是中国最大的固定、半固定沙漠,沙丘类型以纵向沙垄为主.沙垄垄间和坡中下部沙面较为稳定,仅在沙垄顶部存在10m～40m宽度不等的流动带,风沙活动规律独特.近年来在沙漠腹地修筑的公路、引水渠等重大工程建设项目,不可避免地造成沙垄切割和保护层破坏,所引发的工程安全和生态安全等问题引起了人们的普遍关注.本文在大量实地观测的基础上,研究重大工程扰动地表后的沙面非稳定性问题、主要工程沙害及植被恢复建设等,以期为古尔班通古特沙漠特殊环境条件下的工程安全和生态恢复提供理论支持. |
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其他语种文摘
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Gurbantunggut Desert, with the main dune type of semi - fixed longitudinal dunes, is the second largest desert in China. The sand surface in interdune and on both slopes is stabilized by vegetation and biological crust while there is a mobile belt with 1 040m width on the top of dune. Resent years some great engineering, such as highway, oil field and water channel projects etc. , disturbed the sand surface that affected the desert stabilization directly. This paper, based on a great deal of field work, study on the stability of human disturbed sand surface, main sand disasters to the engineering and vegetation rehabilitation etc. , that will provide the theory basis for both engineering and ecology safety in the desert. Compared with natural ground surface, there is a stronger total surface activity on human disturbed sand surface. However, the straw checkerboard can stabilize it effectively. Without a protection system the engineering projects face the direct threat of sand erosion and deposition. This usually occurs when the cutting heads of the dunes move from north to south and bury the projects. Protection using only straw checkerboards on the disturbed face was largely ineffectual because sand moving along the top of the dune rapidly buried the protective system. Fill from the excavation of the longitudinal dune was placed on the interdune area, leading to the formation of a small but relatively steep sand slope. Although, the fill area was fixed with straw checkboards the steepness of the man - made slope means that this surface is prone to erosion from the dominant northerly winds. The key point of protection should be the cutting head of the longitudinal dune. On the one hand, the high barrier system should be set up on the top of dune in order to decrease wind velocity and block the blown - sand. On the other hand, straw checker-board should cover a significant area along the active belt and decrease the sand source. In the interdune area a gently sloping face should be created on the sand fill. Restoration of vegetation should be implemented after establishing the mechanical protection system. According to the environment conditions of Gurbantunggut Desert, using melting snow and falling water in spring to make artificial forest shelter system following disturbance of engineering is possible. Soil water in arid area is an important limit factor for plant germination and growth and so suitable plant species should be selected in different slopes and different engineering sections. The soil depth layer influenced by precipitation in Gurbantunggut Desert is confined to no more than 60 cm, therefore herbage should be enhanced to a definite level for restoration of vegetation. When planting dwarf trees and shrubs ecological characteristics of different species, their density and irrigation technique should be considered. The biological crust and herbage community layer will recover with time and the stability of artificial forest need further investigate. |
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来源
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资源科学
,2006,28(5):190-195 【核心库】
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关键词
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古尔班通古特沙漠
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工程扰动地表
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沙面蚀积变化
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工程沙害
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植被恢复
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地址
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1.
中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所, 乌鲁木齐, 830011
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新疆阜康市林业局, 阜康, 831500
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语种
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中文 |
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文献类型
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研究性论文 |
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ISSN
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1007-7588 |
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学科
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环境保护管理 |
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基金
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新疆自然科学基金
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新疆发改委资助项目
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中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所绿洲学者“博士人才”培养计划项目
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文献收藏号
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CSCD:2431063
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