青藏高原高寒草甸的植被退化与土壤退化特征研究
A study on correlations between vegetation degradation and soil degradation in the 'Alpine Meadow' of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
查看参考文献32篇
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文摘
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对青藏高原典型高寒草甸在不同退化程度下植物群落、生物量和土壤特征的研究结果表明,随着高寒草甸退化程度加大,植被盖度、草地质量指数和优良牧草地上生物量比例逐渐下降,草地间的相似性指数减小,而植物群落多样性指数和均匀度指数在中度退化阶段最高,随着退化程度加大,呈单峰式曲线变化规律.地上总生物量在轻度退化阶段最高,在极度退化阶段最低,随着退化加剧,杂草生物量显著增加,而莎草和禾草生物量显著减少.地下总生物量(0～40 cm)、莎草和禾草地下生物量随着草地退化程度的加重而递减,杂类草地下生物量的变化则是逐渐上升,至极度退化阶段有所降低.随着退化程度加剧,分布在各层的植物根系量越来越少,地下根系具有浅层化特点.各类群地上、地下生物量之间均为正相关,达到显著水平.随着草地退化程度的加大,土壤有机质、速效磷、速效钾和交换性锰的含量以及土壤坚实度、湿度都减小,土壤容重增加.土壤速效氮含量在极度退化阶段不能满足植物生长的需要.随高寒草甸退化程度加大,有机质含量在表层土壤中流失严重.在各个退化阶段,有效锌和交换性锰的含量均能满足植物生长的需求,而有效铜含量偏低,对牧草生长不利.随着植被的退化演替,土壤退化越来越严重,土壤越来越贫瘠化. |
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其他语种文摘
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This paper discusses a study into the characteristics of the soil and the plant communities of the'alpine meadow', located on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Meadows across the region were categorized as having from low to extreme degradation levels. With increasing degradation of the alpine meadow, the grassland quality in-dex, percent plant cover, biomass percent of palatable herbage and the similarity index were all correspondingly shown to decrease across meadows in the alpine meadow region. The species diversity and evenness indexes had the largest values at the meadows characterized as being moderately degraded. The above-ground biomass was the greatest at lightly degraded meadows and lowest at extremely degraded meadows. Increasing degradation levels lead to an increase in the overall biomass of forbs whilst the biomass of sedges and graminoids significant-ly decreased. The total below-ground biomass was shown to decrease with increased degradation levels. The below-ground biomass change in sedges and graminoids corresponded with the change in total below-ground bi-omass, however the below-ground biomass of forbs was increased at moderate degradation levels, then de-creased at extreme degradation levels. The below-ground biomass at different soil layers decreased, with root-systems displaying increased shallowness with increasing degradation levels. The relationship between above and below-ground biomass was shown to have a strong positive correlation. With increasing soil degradation, soil organic matter, available phosphorus, calcium and manganese, soil hardness and soil water all were shown to decrease whilst soil bulk density was .shown to increase. Where soil organic matter losses were severe, avail-able soil nitrogen was shown to be affected substantially, often present at deficient levels. Available copper content was not adequate for herbage growth in severely degraded meadows, however available zinc and manga-nese still appeared to satisfy plant growth requirements. The degradation of alpine soil was shown to be linked to the degradation of alpine vegetation. |
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来源
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草业学报
,2005,14(3):31-40 【核心库】
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关键词
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青藏高原
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草地退化
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植物群落
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生物量
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土壤有效养分
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地址
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1.
中国科学院西北高原生物研究所, 青海, 西宁, 810001
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国立环境研究所, 日本, 筑波
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语种
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中文 |
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文献类型
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研究性论文 |
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ISSN
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1004-5759 |
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学科
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农业基础科学;畜牧、动物医学、狩猎、蚕、蜂 |
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基金
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国家“十五”科技攻关项目
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中国科学院西部之光人才培养计划
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中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目
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文献收藏号
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CSCD:1990753
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