捕食风险对高原鼠兔行为的影响
Influence of the predation risk on the behavior of the plateau pika
查看参考文献28篇
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文摘
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我们在野外条件下利用赤狐的粪尿增加高原鼠兔的捕食风险，采用目标动物抽样法对高原鼠兔的5种行为进行观察，分析天敌动物气味增加与天敌动物数量增加对高原鼠兔行为影响的差异，探讨高原鼠兔对捕食风险的权衡能力及面对不同风险的行为决策。2001年，在捕食风险处理样方中观察雄性成体18只，雌性成体25只，雄性幼体35只和雌性幼体42只，在对照样方中观察雄性成体14只，雌性成体15只，雄性幼体22只和雌性幼体11只；2002年，在捕食风险处理样方中观察雄性成体7只，雌性成体12只，在对照样方中观察雄性成体8只，雌性成体15只。研究结果表明：增加赤狐的气味后，高原鼠兔通过改变行为策略以适应捕食风险的增加。当气味源刚放入后，与对照样方比较，高原鼠兔明显增加了观察和呜叫的频次，相应减少了取食的频次，且随着时间的推移，高原鼠兔并未对气味产生适应性。当天敌动物的数量增加后，赤狐气味的增加对高原鼠兔行为的影响较小，在捕食风险超出高原鼠兔的耐受范围时，高原鼠兔扩散。同时，高原鼠兔的行为在雌雄之间、成体与幼体之间没有明显的不同，雌雄个体、成幼体均采用相同的行为策略减小捕食风险。以上结果表明：捕食风险明显影响高原鼠兔的行为，高原鼠兔能够权衡捕食风险的大小，并依据风险水平的高低采用相应的行为策略，其行为调节符合捕食风险时间分配的假说。 |
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其他语种文摘
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The feces and urine of the red fox Vulpes vulva was used to increase the perception of predation risk of the plateau pika Ochotona curzomae in the field and five kind of behaviors were observed using focal animal sampling By comparing the behaviors of the plateau pika between treatment and control plots, we studied the influence of red fox's odor and natural enemy's numbers on the behaviors of the plateau pika In 2001, the behaviours of 18 adult males, 25 adult females, 35 young males and 42 young females were observed in predation risk treatment plots and of 14 adult males, 15 adult females, 22 young males and 11 young females were observed in predation risk treatment plots In 2002, the behaviours of 7 adult males and 12 adult females were observed in predation risk treatment plot and of 8 adult males and 15 adult females were observed in predation risk treatment plot The results showed that plateau pikas could decrease their predation risk by adjusting their behaviors The pikas increased moving and calling frequencies and decreased feeding fre quencies over 5 days when exposed to red fox's odor and they did not show adaptation to predator odors during this time The increased red fox's odor had no influence to the behaviors of the pikas when the numbers of their natural enemies in creased and the pikas dispersed when the perception of predation risk was beyond their tolerance There were no signifi cantly behavioural differences between male and female, between adult and young, and, all individuals in one population had same behavioral decision when they faced to the risks This indicated that the predation risk could influence the be haviors of the plateau pikas and the pikas had ability to assess the predation risk and adjust their behaviors accordingly |
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来源
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动物学报
,2004,50(3):319-325 【核心库】
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关键词
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高原鼠兔
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地址
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中国科学院西北高原生物研究所, 西宁, 810001
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语种
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中文 |
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文献类型
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研究性论文 |
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ISSN
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0001-7302 |
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学科
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动物学 |
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基金
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中国科学院知识创新工程项目
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中国科学院知识创新工程项目
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国家自然科学基金
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文献收藏号
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CSCD:1633293
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