三棱栎的分布现状、种群特征、生物学特性及保护对策
Current distribution population attributes and biological characters of Trigonobalanus doichangensis in relation to its conservation
查看参考文献16篇
文摘
|
三棱栎是现存壳斗科植物的原始类群,是受国家2级重点保护的珍稀树木。调查表明,三棱栎在云南孟连、澜沧、西盟、沧源及泰国北部清莱(Chiang Rai)等地仍有小面积分布,在云南呈现单株散生、萌生林、单优次生种林和共优种林4种群落类型。单株散生、萌生林和单优次生林是当地人群不合理利用山地资源和对植被破坏的结果;共优种林属原始植被,但未见大面积单优势种群落,常小斑块状镶嵌于亚热带常绿阔叶林中。在被严重破坏后进行封山管理的植被中发现一株高16 m的三棱栎孤立木,其周围900 m。内有168株三棱栎小树和幼苗,并开始形成小种群。三棱栎结实量大,而有胚种子比例仅9%~11%,种子萌发不困难,有胚种子的发芽率达70%以上。迁地保育试验显示,三棱栎在昆明可露地栽培后表现出速生性。目前,分布IX~著民族仍在不同程度地对三棱栎进行砍伐利用,加上紫茎泽兰等外来植物对种群的入侵,使其面临严重威胁。建议在自然保护区外建立三棱栎保护点,扩大异地繁育栽培面积,进行种质资源的有效保护和资源的持续利用。 |
其他语种文摘
|
The genus Trigonobalanus (Fagaceae) includes 3 species, T. verticillata from the Celebes, Borneo and Malaya, T. doichangensis from northern Thailand and southern Yunnan (China), and T. excelsa from Colombia in South America. The genus is spread geographically across the two hemispheres which makes it attractive for taxonomic and phylogenic studies. The name T. doichangensis, is used in this paper although recent studies have suggested that the 3 species are so isolated from each other that they should be treated as 3 monotypic genera, namely as Trigonobalanus (T. verticillata), Formanodendron (F. doichangensis) and Colombobanus (C. excelsa). As a result of the narrow distribution of T. doichangensis in Yunnan and its over-use by indigenous people, the species is recognized in China as a second-grade nationally protected tree. Many aspects of its biology have been studied although not its conservation biology. This investigations showed that the species still exists in its native regions (including Thailand) but its populations are severely restricted because of vegetation destruction by human activities and by biotic invasions. Among the four populations investigated in this study only one is well protected in a National Reserve with the other three facing extinction. The studies showed that populations can regenerate naturally if the destroyed vegetation can be re-established. Though trees taller than 4 meters produce many seeds, only 9%-11% of these were found to contain a well-developed embryo. Fully developed seeds germinated well under laboratory conditions and when sown in spring into compost at Kunming Botanical Gardens. Adequate lighting and temperatures of 20 - 35℃could stimulate seed germination. Height growth of seedlings reached 60-70cm in a year. Young plants could withstand a temperature of -2℃ In the field, biotic invaders, such as Chromolaena odorata > Ageratina adenophora and Tithonia diversifolia" have already spread into the populations and limit seedling establishment and growth rates of the endangered species. Many factors have led the endangered status T. doichangensis. There is an urgent need to take action to conserve the species. Some practical ways for both ex - situ and in-situ conservation are suggested, including expanding the size of newly reserved plots. |
来源
|
生态学报
,2004,24(2):352-358 【核心库】
|
关键词
|
三棱栎
|
地址
|
1.
中国科学院昆明植物研究所, 昆明, 650204
2.
沧源南滚河国家自然保护区管理局, 云南
|
语种
|
中文 |
文献类型
|
研究性论文 |
ISSN
|
1000-0933 |
基金
|
中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目
;
中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目
|
文献收藏号
|
CSCD:1631255
|
参考文献 共
16
共1页
|
1.
徐永椿.
云南植物研究,1981,3(2):213-215
|
被引
6
次
|
|
|
|
2.
Melville R.
Bot J Linn Soc london,1982,85:75-88
|
被引
2
次
|
|
|
|
3.
Nixon K C.
Amer J Bot,1989,76(6):828-841
|
被引
11
次
|
|
|
|
4.
中国植物志编辑会员会.
中国植物志·第二十二卷,1998:211-213
|
被引
2
次
|
|
|
|
5.
傅立国.
稀有濒危植物·第一册,1992:302
|
被引
1
次
|
|
|
|
6.
Forman L.
Taxon,1962,11:140
|
被引
1
次
|
|
|
|
7.
Forman L.
Kew Bulletin,1964,17:381-396
|
被引
1
次
|
|
|
|
8.
王萍莉.
植物分类学报,1988,26(1):44-46
|
被引
10
次
|
|
|
|
9.
吴树明.
广西植物,1989,9(4):341-346
|
被引
4
次
|
|
|
|
10.
王萍莉. 三棱栎属分类的孢粉学证据.
植物分类学报,1998,36(3):238-241
|
被引
6
次
|
|
|
|
11.
廖海民. 三棱栎的幼苗解剖及系统位置.
武汉植物研究,1998,16(3):223-226
|
被引
4
次
|
|
|
|
12.
李捷. 三棱栎群落的区系成分初步研究.
云南植物研究,1994,16(1):17-24
|
被引
6
次
|
|
|
|
13.
云南植被编写组.
云南植被,1987:31-34
|
被引
1
次
|
|
|
|
14.
熊毅.
中国土壤(第2版),1987:20-66
|
被引
5
次
|
|
|
|
15.
路安民.
种子植物地理,1999:223-230
|
被引
4
次
|
|
|
|
16.
周浙昆. 壳斗科的地质历史及其系统学和植物地理学意义.
植物分类学报,1999,37(4):369-385
|
被引
33
次
|
|
|
|
|