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饲粮添加不同组合酸化剂对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能、肠道形态和盲肠菌群的影响
Effects of Different Combinations of Dietary Acidifiers on Growth Performance, Immune Function, Intestinal Morphology and Cecal Microbiota of Yellow-Feathered Broilers

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叶金玲王一冰苟钟勇林厦菁范秋丽罗琦丽陈利民蒋守群 ^*

文摘	本试验旨在研究饲粮添加不同组合酸化剂对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能、肠道形态和盲肠菌群的影响。选用640只1日龄健康、体重一致的快速型黄羽肉公鸡,随机分为4组,每组8个重复,每个重复20只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,抗生素组饲喂基础饲粮+100 mg / kg恩拉霉素,γ-氨基丁酸+柠檬酸组饲喂基础饲粮+100 mg / kg γ-氨基丁酸+200 mg / kg柠檬酸,植物精油+柠檬酸组饲喂基础饲粮+200 mg / kg植物精油+200 mg / kg柠檬酸。试验期50 d,分为1 ~ 21日龄、22 ~ 42日龄和43 ~ 50日龄3个阶段。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,γ-氨基丁酸+柠檬酸组和植物精油+柠檬酸组肉鸡42和50日龄体重显著提高(P<0.05),22 ~ 42日龄平均日增重显著提高(P<0.05) 。与抗生素组相比,γ-氨基丁酸+柠檬酸组和植物精油+柠檬酸组1 ~ 50日龄平均日增重显著提高(P<0.05),料重比显著降低(P<0.05) 。2)与对照组和抗生素组相比,γ-氨基丁酸+柠檬酸组和植物精油+柠檬酸组肉鸡血浆总蛋白、白细胞介素-10、免疫球蛋白G和免疫球蛋白M含量显著提高(P<0.05),血浆尿酸含量显著降低(P<0.05) 。3)与对照组和抗生素组相比,γ-氨基丁酸+柠檬酸组和植物精油+柠檬酸组肉鸡回肠绒毛高度以及空肠和回肠绒隐比显著提高(P<0.05),空肠和回肠隐窝深度显著降低(P<0.05),空肠和回肠杯状细胞数目显著提高(P<0.05),空肠封闭蛋白-1(claudin-1) 、闭合蛋白(occludin) 、闭锁小带蛋白-1(ZO-1)和连接黏附分子2(JAM2)和回肠ZO-1 mRNA相对表达量显著提高(P<0.05);植物精油+柠檬酸组空肠黏膜分泌型免疫球蛋白A含量、空肠黏蛋白2(MUC2)以及回肠claudin-1和MUC2 mRNA相对表达量显著提高(P<0.05) 。4)与对照组相比,抗生素组肉鸡盲肠螺杆菌属(Helicobacter) 、肠球菌属(Enterococcus)和埃希氏菌-志贺氏菌属(Escherichia-Shigella)相对丰度提高;γ-氨基丁酸+柠檬酸组盲肠甲烷短杆菌属(Methanobrevibacter)相对丰度提高;植物精油+柠檬酸组盲肠互养菌属(Synergistes)和黏螺旋藻属(Mucispirillum)相对丰度降低,且盲肠菌群功能主要富集在人类疾病和生物体系统。综上所述,饲粮联合添加植物精油和柠檬酸可提高黄羽肉鸡生长性能,增强机体免疫功能和肠道黏膜屏障功能,改善肠道形态,降低盲肠有害菌数量,改善肠道健康,且效果优于单纯添加复合酸化剂。
其他语种文摘	This experiment was conducted to study the effects of different combinations of dietary acidifiers on growth performance, immune function, intestinal morphology and cecal microbiota of yellow-feathered broilers. A total of 640 one-day-old healthy male fast-growing yellow-feathered broilers with the same body weight were randomly divided into 4 groups with 8 replicates per group and 20 chickens per replicate. Broilers in the control group were fed a basal diet, those in the antibiotic group were fed the basal diet+100 mg / kg enramycin, those in γ-aminobutyric acid+citric acid group were fed the basal diet+100 mg / kg γ-aminobutyric acid+ 200 mg / kg citric acid, and those in plant essential oil+citric acid group were fed the basal diet +200 mg / kg plant essential oil+200 mg / kg citric acid. The experiment lasted for 50 days and was divided into three stages as 1 to 21, 22 to 42 and 43 to 50 days of age. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with the control group, the body weight of broilers in γ-aminobutyric acid+citric acid group and plant essential oil+citric acid group at 42 and 50 days of age was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the average daily gain from 22 to 42 days of age was significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with the antibiotic group, the average daily gain in γ-aminobutyric acid+citric acid group and plant essential oil+citric acid group from 1 to 50 days of age was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the ratio of feed to gain was significantly decreased (P<0.05). 2) Compared with the control group and the antibiotic group, the contents of total protein, interleukin-10, immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M in plasma of broilers in γ-aminobutyric acid+citric acid group and plant essential oil+citric acid group were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the plasma uric acid content was significantly decreased (P<0.05). 3) Compared with the control group and the antibiotic group, the villus height in ileum and the ratio villus height to crypt depth in jejunum and ileum of broilers in γ-aminobutyric acid+citric acid group and plant essential oil+citric acid group were significantly increased (P<0.05), the crypt depth in jejunum and ileum was significantly decreased (P<0.05), the number of goblet cells in jejunum and ileum was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the mRNA relative expression levels of claudin-1, occludin, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), junction adhesion molecule 2 (JAM2) in jejunum and ZO-1 in ileum were significantly increased (P<0.05); the secreted immunoglobulin A content in jejunal mucosa, and the mRNA relative expression levels of mucin 2 (MUC2) in jejunum as well as claudin-1 and MUC2 in ileum in plant essential oil+citric acid group were significantly increased (P < 0.05). 4) Compared with the control group, the relative abundances of Helicobacter, Enterococcus and Escherichia-Shigella in cecum of broilers in the antibiotic group were increased; the Methanobrevibacter relative abundance in cecum in γ-aminobutyric acid+citrate group was increased; the relative abundances of Synergistes and Mucispirillum in cecum in plant essential oil+citric acid group was decreased, and the function of cecum microbiota was mainly enriched in human diseases and organismal systems. In conclusion, the combination of plant essential oil and citric acid can improve the growth performance, enhance the immune function and intestinal mucosal barrier function, improve intestinal morphology, reduce the number of harmful bacteria in cecum, and improve intestine health of yellow-feathered broilers, and the effect is better than that of compound acidifiers.
来源	动物营养学报 ,2024,36(12):7725-7741 【核心库】
DOI	10.12418/CJAN2024.659
关键词	黄羽肉鸡 ; 酸化剂 ; 植物精油 ; 生长性能 ; 免疫功能 ; 肠道健康
地址	广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所, 猪禽种业全国重点实验室;;农业农村部华南动物营养与饲料重点实验室;;广东省畜禽育种与营养研究重点实验室, 广州, 510640
语种	中文
文献类型	研究性论文
ISSN	1006-267X
学科	畜牧、动物医学、狩猎、蚕、蜂
基金	广东省重点领域研发计划项目 ; 广东省自然科学基金 ; 国家重点研发计划项目 ; 现代农业产业技术体系国家肉鸡产业技术体系
文献收藏号	CSCD:7876260

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