右江盆地金、锑成矿过程:来自晴隆锑矿床和泥堡金矿床萤石LA-ICP-MS微量元素研究的制约
Mineralization processes of gold and antimony in northern part of the Youjiang Basin, SW China: Constraints from LA-ICP-MS trace elements of fluorite from the Qinglong Sb (Au)and Nibao Au deposit
查看参考文献110篇
刘林林
1,2
陈军
1,2,3
*
杜丽娟
1,2
杨瑞东
1,2
黄智龙
3
杨再风
1,2
高军波
1,2
吉彦冰
1,2,3
谭泽东
1,2
刘旭阳
1,2
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文摘
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位于"滇-黔-桂"接壤处的右江盆地中发育大量的金、锑矿床,金、锑相互伴生,具共生分异特征。然而,金、锑之间的成矿联系和成矿过程异同仍需要进一步的研究工作。萤石作为热液矿床中广泛出现的脉石矿物,前人已经对其开展了大量的研究用于揭示矿床的形成过程。右江盆地中的晴隆锑矿床和泥堡金矿床具有相似的成矿时代以及围岩蚀变特征,是研究金、锑共生分异的理想对象。因此,本文选择晴隆锑矿床和泥堡金矿床中与成矿相关的萤石展开原位LA-ICP-MS微量元素研究,旨在揭示金、锑矿床成矿过程的差异。萤石矿物化学及阴极发光(CL)研究显示,晴隆锑矿床中与成矿相关的萤石沉淀可以划分为三个阶段,第一阶段稀土元素呈LREE富集HREE亏损的右倾特征,第二阶段呈"中稀土(MREE)"富集,第三阶段沉淀的萤石基本继承了第二阶段的稀土元素的配分特征,但ΣREE更低。整体上,随着成矿过程进行,三个阶段萤石ΣREE随着成矿过程逐渐下降,且均伴随Ce的负异常。泥堡金矿床中与成矿相关的萤石沉淀可以划分为两个阶段,第一阶段萤石稀土元素也呈右倾特征,第二阶段萤石呈MREE富集特征,整体上与晴隆萤石大致相似。不同阶段萤石Y/Ho、La/Ho、Tb/Ca和Tb/ La图解显示,锑、金矿床中成矿早阶段和晚阶段萤石具有不同成因特征。其中,成矿早阶段萤石主要为热液充填成因,成矿晚阶段与水/岩反应密切相关,随着水/岩反应加剧,大量围岩组分进入流体形成晚阶段萤石。同时,这一过程导致成矿流体pH的逐渐升高和稀土元素总量的逐渐降低。综合分析认为,锑成矿流体为酸性流体,强烈的水/岩反应促使碳酸盐岩围岩溶解形成大量的萤石;同时成矿环境pH的增高和成矿流体温度的降低可能是导致辉锑矿大量沉淀的原因之一;而金成矿流体呈弱酸-中性特征,去碳酸岩化作用不彻底,形成少量萤石并伴生大量白云石,有利于大量含金黄铁矿的形成。通过对已有的锑矿床中辉锑矿及成矿阶段脉石矿物稀土元素研究数据统计发现,成矿阶段脉石矿物稀土元素呈MREE富集特征可能是大量辉锑矿对轻稀土元素(La)的富集作用所导致的。 |
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其他语种文摘
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Many gold and antimony deposits in the Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi region in SW China are characterized with co-occurrence and symbiotic differentiation of Ao and Sb. However, the metallogenic relationship between Au and Sb and the difference between ore-forming processes of Au and Sb need to be further investigated. Fluorite, a common gangue mineral widely occurred in hydrothermal deposits, has been extensively studied to reveal the formation process of ore deposit. The Qinglong antimony deposit and the Nibao gold deposit in the Youjiang basin, with their matching mineralization ages and wallrock alteration characteristics, are selected as ideal objects for investigating the symbiotic differentiation of gold and antimony mineralization. Therefore, in this paper, we have carried out the in situ LA-ICP-MS trace element study of fluorites from the Qinglong antimony deposit and the Nibao gold deposit, in order to reveal the difference between their respective gold and antimony mineralization processes. Mineralogical and cathodoluminescence (CL)studies of fluorites reveal that three different stages of Sb-mineralization related fluorites in the Qinglong antimony deposit have been identified. Specifically, the first-stage fluorites have right-declined REE patterns with LREE-enriched and HREE-depleted characteristics. The second-stage fluorites are characterized by the MREE enrichment. The third-stage precipitated fluorites generally inherited the characteristics of REE distribution patterns of the second-stage fluorites though the third-stage fluorites have relatively low ΣREE contents. In general, the ΣREE values of fluorites are gredually decreased from the first-stage fluorites, second-stage fluorite to the third-stage fluorites. All fluorites have negative Ce anomalies. There are fluorites of two precipitation stages associated with the gold mineralization in the Nibao gold deposit. The firststage fluorites have right-declined REE patterns, whilst the second-stage fluorites are characterized with MREE-enriched REE patterns. Their REE patterns are generally similar to those of fluorites in the Qinglong antimony deposit. Diagrams of Y/Ho, La/Ho, Tb/Ca, and Tb/La ratios for fluorites at different stages reveal that there are different genetic characteristics between fluorites of the early-ore-stage and those of the late-ore-stage. Especially, the early-ore-stage fluorite is of the dominant hydrothermal fluid filling genesis, while the late-ore-stage fluorite was formed in close association with the water-rock reaction which resulted in the input of a significant portion of host rock components into the late-stage oreforming fluid, and the gradual increase of pH values and the decrease of total REE contents of the ore-forming fluids from the early- to late-stage. The comprehensive analysis suggested that the antimony mineralization in the Youjiang Basin is associated with the acidic ore-forming fluid which caused the dissolution of carbonate wallrock through the intensive waterrock reaction and thereby resulted in the formation of a significant of fluorite. Moreover, the increase of pH values and the decreaseof temperatures of the evolved ore-forming fluids could be contributed to the extensive precipitation of stibnite in the antimony deposit. Alternatively, the ore-forming fluids of gold deposits are characterized with weakly acidic to neutral nature. They caused the limited decarbonation of carbonate wallrocks and then resulted in the formation of a little fluorite and a large amount of dolomite, which is conducive to the formation of a large amount of Au-bearing pyrite. Based on the statistic analysis of REE data of stibnite and associated ore-related gangue minerals in antimony deposits in the Youjiang Basin, it is believed that the MREE enrichment characteristics for REE patterns of gangue minerals could be resulted from the LREE super-enrichment of a large amount of hydrothermal stibnite of antimony deposits. |
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来源
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矿物学报
,2024,44(3):399-419 【核心库】
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DOI
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10.3724/j.1000-4734.2024.44.017
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关键词
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LA-ICP-MS
;
微量元素
;
萤石
;
金-锑矿床
;
右江盆地
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地址
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1.
贵州大学资源与环境工程学院, 贵州, 贵阳, 550025
2.
贵州大学, 喀斯特地质资源与环境教育部重点实验室, 贵州, 贵阳, 550025
3.
中国科学院地球化学研究所, 矿床地球化学国家重点实验室, 贵州, 贵阳, 550081
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语种
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中文 |
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文献类型
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研究性论文 |
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ISSN
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1000-4734 |
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学科
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地质学 |
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基金
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贵州省科技支撑计划(一般)项目
;
中国科学院贵阳地球化学研究所矿床地球化学中国科学院重点实验室基金
;
国家自然科学基金
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文献收藏号
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CSCD:7864031
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