镍基高温合金增材制造研究进展
Advances in additive manufacturing of nickel-based high-temperature alloys
查看参考文献110篇
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文摘
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镍基高温合金因其优异的高温强度及耐腐蚀、抗氧化性能而备受关注,被广泛应用于航空航天等领域。本文对增材制造镍基高温合金的制备方法、常见牌号以及合金的组织与性能进行了综述,总结了当前存在的问题,提出了未来值得探索的研究领域。金属增材制造技术制备的镍基高温合金具有良好性能,能实现复杂构件精密成形,且制备过程中材料浪费少,有望成为未来航空航天等领域中镍基高温合金构件的重要制备工艺。常见的镍基高温合金增材制造方法有粉末床熔化、定向能量沉积和电弧增材制造等,粉末床熔化被广泛用于制造高精度和复杂零件,但制造速度相对较慢,且设备和材料成本较高。定向能量沉积自由度和灵活性更高,可用于制备功能性梯度材料,但精度较低。电弧增材制造具有较低的设备成本和材料成本,适用于大型零件的快速制造,但其制备的合金表面粗糙度较差,需要进行额外的加工或后处理。在增材制造过程中被广泛研究的镍基高温合金包含IN625,Hastelloy X等固溶强化型和IN718,CM247LC, IN738LC等沉淀强化型高温合金。与传统的铸造和锻造方法相比,增材制造独特的逐层成型、快冷快热的制备过程带来了粗大的柱状晶粒组织和大量细小晶粒的独特微观组织,还形成了独特的熔池组织及位错胞结构。但是,通过增材制造得到的合金一般还需要进行热处理,对晶粒组织、析出相等进行调控,从而影响合金的力学性能。此外,增材制造镍基高温合金的力学性能还与具体制备方法和合金种类有关。尽管目前增材制造已被广泛用于镍基高温合金的制备,但仍面临组织与性能存在各向异性、高性能合金开裂敏感性高以及缺乏相应的规范和标准等问题,将来需要在热处理、专用合金的定制与开发、探索工艺-结构-功能关系以及计算建模等方面深入探索。 |
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其他语种文摘
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Nickel-based superalloys have attracted significant attention due to their outstanding hightemperature strength, corrosion resistance, and oxidation resistance, and are widely used in aerospace and other fields. This article provides a comprehensive review of the preparation methods, common grades, and microstructure and properties of additive manufactured nickel-based superalloys, summarizes the current issues, and proposes future areas for exploration. Nickel-based superalloys prepared by metal additive manufacturing technology have excellent performance, can achieve precise forming of complex components, and have minimal material waste during the manufacturing process. They are expected to become an important production process for nickel-based superalloys components in fields such as aerospace. Common methods for additive manufacturing of nickel-based superalloys include laser powder bed melting, directed energy deposition, and arc additive manufacturing. Powder bed melting is widely used for manufacturing high-precision and complex parts, but it has a relatively slow manufacturing speed and higher equipment and material costs. Directed energy deposition has higher degrees of freedom and flexibility and can be used to prepare functional gradient materials, but it has lower accuracy. Arc additive manufacturing has lower equipment and material costs and is suitable for rapid manufacturing of large parts, but the surface roughness of the alloy produced by this method is poor and requires additional processing or post-treatment. Nickel-based superalloys widely studied in the additive manufacturing process include IN625, Hastelloy X, and other solid solution strengthened alloys, as well as IN718, CM247LC, IN738LC, and other precipitation strengthened superalloys. Compared with traditional casting and forging methods, the unique layer-by-layer forming and rapid cooling and heating process of additive manufacturing result in a coarse columnar grain structure and a unique microstructure with a large number of fine grains. It also forms unique melt pool structures and dislocation cell structures. However, the alloys obtained by additive manufacturing generally require heat treatment to control grain structure and precipitated phases, which affects the mechanical properties of the alloy. In addition, the mechanical properties of additive manufactured nickel-based superalloys are also related to specific preparation methods and alloy types. Although additive manufacturing has been widely used in the preparation of nickel-based superalloys, there are still issues such as anisotropy in microstructure and properties, high sensitivity to alloy cracking, and a lack of corresponding specifications and standards. In the future, further exploration is needed in areas such as heat treatment, customization and development of specialized alloys, investigation of the process-structure-function relationship, and computational modeling. |
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来源
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材料工程
,2024,52(2):1-15 【核心库】
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DOI
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10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2023.000676
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关键词
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增材制造
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镍基高温合金
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微观组织
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力学性能
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地址
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1.
上海交通大学材料科学与工程学院, 上海市先进高温材料及其精密成形重点实验室, 上海, 200240
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上海交通大学, 金属基复合材料国家重点实验室, 上海, 200240
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语种
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中文 |
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文献类型
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综述型 |
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ISSN
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1001-4381 |
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学科
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金属学与金属工艺 |
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基金
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国家自然科学基金项目
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文献收藏号
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CSCD:7679694
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