激光技术在眼科的应用现状与进展
Current Application and Progress of Laser Technology in Ophthalmology
查看参考文献109篇
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文摘
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眼球是机体的视觉器官,同时也是一个良好的光学模型,因此激光技术在眼科得到了广泛的临床应用,覆盖了几乎眼部各个亚专业疾病的诊断与治疗。目前,激光在眼部的应用主要借助其高空间分辨率、高空间定位精度,以及激光的热效应、光化学效应、光爆破效应、光切割效应和生物调节作用等实现。本文综述了激光在眼科各领域的应用现状,并结合激光技术本身的不断发展,总结了激光技术在眼科的临床应用进展及未来可能的突破点。 |
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其他语种文摘
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Significance Recently, laser technology has made great progress, particularly its clinical application in ophthalmology, from the diagnosis and treatment to the surgery of various eye diseases. While these wide applications or emerging technologies have shown effective and safe results, there are still difficulties and challenges to overcome. Therefore, it is necessary to review the current application and progress of laser technology in ophthalmology, through which we can get inspired and further advance and optimize laser technology and its application in the diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases. The eye consists of the eyeball and its appendages( eyelid, orbit, conjunctiva, lacrimal apparatus, and extraocular muscle). The application of laser in ocular appendage is similar to that of laser in dermatology, which produces a transient high temperature and vaporizes the tissue for treatment. Meanwhile, the eyeball, the optical component of the eye, features the application of laser in ophthalmology. The special structure of the eyeball makes it an optimal model for laser technology applications. The eyeball is composed of the ocular wall and the contents inside it. From the outermost part, the ocular wall includes the outer cornea and sclera, the middle uvea, which is rich in its vascular network, and the inner retina, where the photoreceptor cells reside. From front to back, eye contents include aqueous humor, lens, and vitreous body. The cornea, as well as all three eye contents, constitutes the refractive system of the eyeball. The normal visual function of the eye requires a transparent refractive system and a well-functioning chorioretinal vascular system. Therefore, the application of laser technologies is mainly focused on the diagnosis and treatment of two abovementioned components(the refractive and chorioretinal vascular systems), which is also the main topic of this paper. Different laser-tissue interaction mechanisms are exploited in laser-based ophthalmology instruments, including photodisruption, photocoagulation, and photochemical. The application of laser technology in the diagnosis and curative effect monitoring of ocular diseases includes in vivo confocal microscopy, scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, and optical coherence tomography. The application of laser technology for treating eye diseases includes corneal diseases, cataracts, glaucoma, and retinal choroidal diseases. The treatment of corneal diseases mainly includes excimer laser keratectomy, femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis, and laser thermokeratoplasty. Cataract is treated using FSL-assisted cataract surgery(FLACS) and Nd: YAG laser posterior capsulotomy. The application of laser in glaucoma is to relieve pupil block between anterior and posterior chambers to increase the function of the trabecular meshwork to drain aqueous humor, thereby improving the entrance of the anterior chamber angle and reducing the outflow resistance. In the applications of treating retinal choroidal diseases, laser thermotherapy(fundus laser photocoagulation and transpupillary thermotherapy) and laser photodynamic therapy(photodynamic therapy) are always exploited. Progress With precision, convenience, remote operation, and low cost as its development trends, the application of laser in ophthalmology has made great progress in the following aspects. Precision means better vision, lower laser-related damage, and more effective biological regulation at the subcellular level with low-level laser therapy. With respect to corneal transplant surgery, the laser helps to achieve more accurate corneal cuts, which contributes to reduced astigmatism and better visual quality. |
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来源
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中国激光
,2022,49(5):0507103 【核心库】
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DOI
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10.3788/CJL202249.0507103
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关键词
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激光技术
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眼科激光应用
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光爆破效应
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光切割效应
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光热效应
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光化学效应
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光生物调节效应
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地址
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西安交通大学第一附属医院眼科, 陕西, 西安, 710061
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中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所, 瞬态光学与光子技术国家重点实验室, 陕西, 西安, 710119
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语种
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中文 |
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文献类型
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综述型 |
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ISSN
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0258-7025 |
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学科
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眼科学;电子技术、通信技术 |
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基金
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陕西省重点研发计划
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文献收藏号
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CSCD:7179443
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