静电纺丝技术及其在含能材料应用中的研究进展
Electrospinning Technique and Its Recent Progress in the Application of Energetic Materials
查看参考文献51篇
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文摘
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概述了静电纺丝设备基本的工作原理及主要过程工艺参数对产物组成和表面形貌结构的影响,其原理为高压电场中的聚合物溶液在静电力作用下克服表面张力进行射流拉伸、鞭动细化,最后在接收装置上形成纳米纤维。综述了静电纺丝工艺在超级铝热剂、单质含能材料和固体燃料纳米化及爆炸物荧光检测领域的应用研究进展。研究结果表明,静电纺丝技术是调控材料形貌特征和实现含能材料纳米化的一种有效方法,在铝热剂型含能材料中能够有效抑制纳米Al粉颗粒的表面氧化和预反应烧结现象、提高颗粒分散性和增加传质传热速率。同时,含能材料纳米化对改善材料燃烧分解特性、提高能量密度、降低感度、增强含能材料力学性能等有显著的效果。展望了静电纺丝功能化纳米复合含能材料在今后的研究方向和应用前景。 |
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其他语种文摘
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The working mechanism of electrospinning apparatus and the effects of main process parameters on the composition and morphology of fibers are introduced in detail.The basic principle is that charged droplet in the high-voltage electric field overcomes the surface tension of the polymer solution as a function of electrostatic force and then undergoes a stretching and whipping process,leading to finally the formation of long and thin nanofibers on a grounded collector.In addition,the recent progress of the application of electrospinning technique in the field of superthermites,nanocrystallization of single energetic materials and solid fuels,and the ultrasensitive fluorescence detection of explosives is reviewed.The results show that the electrospinning technique is an effective method to control the morphology of nanofibers and achieve the nano-crystallization of energetic materials.It can effectively inhibit the surface oxidation and pre-reaction sintering of nano aluminum particles for the thermite- type energetic materials.Also,it can increase the dispersion of particles and improve the reaction efficiency and the heat release of reaction.Meanwhile,the nano-crystallization of energetic materials by the electrospinning technique has remarkable effects on improving the combustion decomposition characteristics,increasing the energy density,reducing the sensitivity,and enhancing the mechanical properties of energetic materials.Finally,the future research trends and application of electrospinning functionalized nano-energetic composites are also prospected. |
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来源
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火炸药学报
,2020,43(6):569-577,583 【核心库】
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DOI
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10.14077/j.issn.1007-7812.201911003
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关键词
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应用化学
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纳米技术
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静电纺丝
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聚合物加工
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复合材料
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纳米含能纤维
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地址
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1.
西安近代化学研究所, 陕西, 西安, 710065
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西北大学化工学院, 陕西, 西安, 710069
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语种
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中文 |
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文献类型
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综述型 |
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ISSN
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1007-7812 |
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学科
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化学;武器工业 |
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基金
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国家自然科学基金
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文献收藏号
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CSCD:6878770
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