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Neolithic millet farmers contributed to the permanent settlement of the Tibetan Plateau by adopting barley agriculture

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Li Yuchun 1,2,3,4   Tian Jiaoyang 1,2,3,4   Liu Fengwen 5   Yang Binyu 1,2,3,4   Gu Kangshuyun 1,2,3,4   Rahman Zia Ur 1,2,3,4   Yang Liqin 1,2,3,4   Chen Fahu 6,5   Dong Guanghui 5,6   Kong Qingpeng 1,2,3,4 *  
文摘 The permanent human settlement of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) has been suggested to have been facilitated by the introduction of barley agriculture~3.6 kilo-years ago (ka).However,how barley agriculture spread onto the TP remains unknown.Given that the lower altitudes in the northeastern TP were occupied by millet cultivators from 5.2 ka,who also adopted barley farming~4 ka,it is highly possible that it was millet farmers who brought barley agriculture onto the TP~3.6 ka.To test this hypothesis,we analyzed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from 8277 Tibetans and 58 514 individuals from surrounding populations,including 682 newly sequenced whole mitogenomes.Multiple lines of evidence,together with radiocarbon dating of cereal remains at different elevations,supports the scenario that two haplogroups (M9a1a1c1b1a and A11a1a),which are common in contemporary Tibetans (20.9%) and were probably even more common (40-50%) in early Tibetans prior to historical immigrations to the TP,represent the genetic legacy of the Neolithic millet farmers.Both haplogroups originated in northern China between 10.0-6.0 ka and differentiated in the ancestors of modern Tibetans~5.2-4.0 ka,matching the dispersal history of millet farming.By showing that substantial genetic components in contemporary Tibetans can trace their ancestry back to the Neolithic millet farmers,our study reveals that millet farmers adopted and brought barley agriculture to the TP~3.6-3.3 ka,and made an important contribution to the Tibetan gene pool.
来源 National Science Review ,2019,6(5):1005-1013 【核心库】
DOI 10.1093/nsr/nwz080
关键词 Tibetans ; millet farmers ; barley agriculture ; archaeology ; mitochondrial genomes
地址

1. Kunming Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution;;Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650223  

2. CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics,Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Kunming, 650223  

3. Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, Kunming, 650223  

4. KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Resear, KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of B, Kunming, 650223  

5. Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), Lanzhou, 730000  

6. Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research (ITPCAS),Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences and Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology, Beijing, 100101

语种 英文
文献类型 研究性论文
ISSN 2095-5138
学科 人类学
基金 supported jointly and equally by the Strategic Priority Research Program ;  The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research ;  provided by the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences ;  the National Key R&D Program of China ;  国家自然科学基金 ;  Yunnan Applied Basic Research Project ;  ‘Light of West China’ Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(to Y.-C.L.)
文献收藏号 CSCD:6687751

参考文献 共 41 共3页

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