南极企鹅数量识别及变化趋势分析———基于无人机航拍的高分辨率影像
Sizing and trend analysis of penguin numbers in Antarctic from high resolution photography by unmanned aerial vehicles

冀明张宝钢张媛媛李香兰 ^* 程晓 ^*

文摘	南极企鹅是南大洋环境变化的“生物指示剂”,研究南极典型地区企鹅栖息地分布与种群数量,将为探讨气候变化对企鹅影响及气候变化条件下企鹅物种保护提供基础数据及理论指导.高分辨率无人机航拍技术为企鹅遥感识别提供了重要技术支撑,本文以南极半岛的阿德雷岛、拜尔斯半岛以及中山站附近的企鹅岛为研究对象,基于固定翼无人机航拍影像,采用面向对象法提取了企鹅数量与分布状况,并结合历史资料分析了南极典型区域企鹅数量变化趋势.结果表明,阿德雷岛、拜尔斯半岛和企鹅岛的企鹅总数分别为5 063、3 260和982对,识别精度分别为87%、98%和91%.结合历史资料发现,阿德雷岛企鹅数量总体呈现增长趋势,基于2016年无人机遥感识别的企鹅数量与10年前企鹅总数基本持平,企鹅聚集区主要分布在海拔较低的东部沿海地区;阿德雷岛主要企鹅类型是金图企鹅(Pygoscelis papua),数量呈逐渐升高的趋势,而对海冰较为依赖的阿德利企鹅(Pygoscelis adeliae)呈现下降的趋势.拜尔斯半岛帽带企鹅(Pygoscelis antarctica)逐渐减少,金图企鹅数量则在增加.发展南极典型区域长时间序列无人机航拍企鹅栖息地技术与企鹅数量识别方法对完善企鹅制图意义重大.
其他语种文摘	The Antarctic Peninsula faced temperature rises in the Southern Hemisphere.Antarctic penguins could act as biological indicators for global climate change.Studying penguin habitat colonies and population changes would provide important information on changes in Antarctic climate.Due to adverse weather conditions in Antarctica,ground census count of penguin was difficult.High-resolution aerial photography obtained by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)provides important guarantees in penguin identification.We have identified penguin populations with object-oriented method from aerial photography on Ardley Island,Byers Peninsula and Penguin Island.A total of 5 063,3 260and 982breeding pairs of penguins were identified on Ardley Island,Byers Peninsula and Penguin Island respectively,with recognition accuracy and comprehensive evaluation indicators of 87%,98%,and 91%,respectively.Historical data and remote sensing identifications indicate that the number of penguins on Ardley Island was stable or steadily increasing, the number of penguins in 2016was similar to 2006.Adelie Penguins(Pygoscelis adeliae),which are more dependent on sea ice,showed a downward trend on Ardley Island.Ardley Island.Adelie penguins were distributed in the lower reaches of eastern coastal areas on Ardley Island.Chinstrap penguin population was decreasing on Byers Island,while the Gentoo penguin showed increasing trend.Long-term aerial photography from UAV technology will continue to play agreat role in mapping penguin population and colonies in Antarctica.
来源	北京师范大学学报. 自然科学版 ,2019,55(1):25-35 【核心库】
DOI	10.16360/j.cnki.jbnuns.2019.01.004
关键词	南极半岛 ; 企鹅 ; 阿德雷岛 ; 拜尔斯半岛 ; 无人机 ; 栖息地
地址	北京师范大学全球变化与地球系统科学研究院,中国高校极地联合研究中心, 遥感科学国家重点实验室, 北京, 100875
语种	中文
文献类型	研究性论文
ISSN	0476-0301
学科	自然地理学
基金	国家重点研发专项课题资助项目 ; 国家自然科学基金国家杰出青年科学基金 ; 南麂列岛国家级海洋自然保护区研究资助项目
文献收藏号	CSCD:6456639