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文摘
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汞作为一种毒性很强的重金属污染物,已被我国和联合国环境规划署、世界卫生组织、欧盟及美国环境保护署等多个国家(机构)列为优先控制污染物。汞的毒性与其化学形态密切相关,其中甲基汞是毒性最强的汞化合物。无机汞可在适当环境条件下被转化成毒性更强的甲基汞,进而在食物链中富集、放大,对人体健康构成潜在威胁。研究证实,稻田土壤是重要的甲基汞产生场所,稻田是陆地生态系统重要的甲基汞“源”。汞污染区稻米富含甲基汞是一个普遍的现象。在这些地区,居民食用稻米是人体甲基汞暴露的主要途径,由此所导致的人体甲基汞暴露风险日益受到人们的关注。近年来,随着汞污染区稻米甲基汞污染事件被频频报道,稻田生态系统汞的生物地球化学过程研究日益受到学术界的重视,国内外学者围绕这一方向开展了大量的研究工作,取得了一系列重要的研究成果。本文对前人有关稻田生态系统汞的生物地球化学过程进行了系统的总结,包括: (1)稻田生态系统汞污染现状; (2)稻田土壤汞的甲基化过程及其影响因素; (3)水稻对汞的吸收、富集机理; (4)居民食用稻米导致的甲基汞暴露的健康风险; (5)对缓解稻米甲基汞污染问题所可能采取的措施。最后,对目前的研究缺陷及不足进行了探讨,并对未来需要进一步开展的研究工作进行了展望。 |
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其他语种文摘
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Mercury (Hg),a highly toxic heavy metal pollutant,has been recognized as a pollutant with priority control by China,the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP),World Health Organization (WHO),European Union (EU) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The toxicity of Hg depends on its chemical speciation,in which methylmercury (MeHg) is the most toxic compound. Inorganic mercury (IHg) can be transformed into MeHg in certain condition,and then accumulated and biomagnified in the food chain,posing a potential threat to human health. Paddy soil is an important site for MeHg production. Rice field is an important source of MeHg in terrestrial ecosystems. Numerous studies have reported the MeHg contaminated rice worldwide. Recent studies have confirmed that rice consumption is the major pathway of MeHg exposure in Hg mining area and in certain Hg contaminated areas. Biogeochemical processes of Hg in paddy field ecosystem have been well understood in the past decades. This review systematically summarized the biogeochemical processes of Hg in paddy field ecosystems,including: (1) status of Hg pollution in paddy field ecosystem; (2) Hg methylation in rice paddy and its primary controlling factors; (3) the mechanism of Hg accumulation in rice plant; (4) health risks of human exposure to MeHg through rice intake; (5) management strategies to reduce MeHg in rice. With those results gathered,we summarized the shortcomings of the previous studies and prospected the future researches as well. |
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来源
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生态学杂志
,2018,37(5):1556-1573 【核心库】
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DOI
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10.13292/j.1000-4890.201805.024
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关键词
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稻田生态系统
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汞
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生物地球化学
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地址
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1.
贵州大学资源与环境工程学院, 贵阳, 550025
2.
中国科学院地球化学研究所, 环境地球化学国家重点实验室, 贵阳, 550081
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语种
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中文 |
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文献类型
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综述型 |
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ISSN
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1000-4890 |
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学科
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农业基础科学;环境污染及其防治 |
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基金
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国家重点研发计划项目
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国家自然科学基金项目
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文献收藏号
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CSCD:6238884
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