合格与不合格的智人:以虚构故事为行为标志物的视角
Qualified and unqualified Homo sapiens: Perspective of fiction as a behavioral marker
查看参考文献39篇
|
文摘
|
人类作为万物之灵的地位正在受到人工智能的挑战。为应对这一挑战,需要确认人类成为万物之灵的独特能力,并将其发扬光大。根据尤瓦尔·赫拉利在《人类简史》一书中的观点,虚构故事的能力是让人类跃升食物链顶端的关键。为检验虚构故事的2个要素能否区分合格与不合格的智人,尝试基于虚构故事的2个要素,设计了“语意领会”和“未来成真”的决策情境题。结果表明,不合格智人的效标人群(服刑人员和药物成瘾人员)和合格智人的效标人群(正常人群)在2类决策情境题上的反应得分均存在显著差异。研究结果为虚构故事的能力作为区分智人合格与否的潜在行为标志物提供了数据支持,亦为虚构故事的能力作为智人的独特能力这一构想提供了先导性的证据。 |
|
其他语种文摘
|
Human being, as the wisest of all creatures, has been challenged by artificial intelligence. In order to tackle the challenge, we need to identify and enhance the unique capacity of human being as the wisest of all creatures. According to Yuval Noah Harari's viewpoint presented in Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind, the capacity to believe in things purely existing in the fiction is the key to moving up in the food chain. Two decision scenarios are therefore developed to explore whether the two elements of fiction“(fiction reading comprehension”and“future coming true”) can serve as a behavioral marker to distinguish qualified from unqualified homo sapiens. The result reveals significant differences in terms of responses to the scenarios between the criterion populations of unqualified homo sapiens, such as lawbreakers and drug addicts, and qualified homo sapiens (normal control). The findings support the notion that capacity of fiction can serve as a candidate behavioral marker for distinguishing qualified from unqualified homo sapiens. Furthermore, the findings provide pilot evidence for the viewpoint that the cognitive capacity of fiction is the unique capacity of homo sapiens. |
|
来源
|
科技导报
,2018,36(5):77-84 【扩展库】
|
|
DOI
|
10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2018.05.009
|
|
关键词
|
虚构
;
语意领会
;
未来成真
;
行为标志物
;
跨期决策
|
|
地址
|
1.
中国科学院心理研究所, 中国科学院行为科学重点实验室, 北京, 100101
2.
中国科学院大学心理学系, 北京, 100049
3.
福建省福州监狱教育中心, 福州, 350011
4.
河南省新乡市公安局, 新乡, 453000
|
|
语种
|
中文 |
|
文献类型
|
研究性论文 |
|
ISSN
|
1000-7857 |
|
学科
|
社会科学总论 |
|
基金
|
国家自然科学基金面上项目
;
中国科学院行为科学重点实验室自主研究课题
;
中国科学院心理研究所本科生科研基金项目
|
|
文献收藏号
|
CSCD:6205931
|
参考文献 共
39
共2页
|
|
1.
林俊宏(译).
人类简史:从动物到上帝,2014
|
CSCD被引
4
次
|
|
|
|
|
2.
潘菽.
人类的智能,1985
|
CSCD被引
2
次
|
|
|
|
|
3.
王道还(译).
第三种黑猩猩,2012
|
CSCD被引
1
次
|
|
|
|
|
4.
祝叶华. 首例头部移植手术在遗体上完成引争议.
科技导报,2017,35(14):9
|
CSCD被引
16
次
|
|
|
|
|
5.
王志芳. 万物之灵的危机.
科技导报,2014,32(1):84
|
CSCD被引
1
次
|
|
|
|
|
6.
Moura A C. Capuchin stone tool use in Caatinga dry forest.
Science,2004,306(5703):1909-1909
|
CSCD被引
1
次
|
|
|
|
|
7.
Livingstone M S. Symbol addition by monkeys provides evidence for normalized quantity coding.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2014,111(18):6822-6827
|
CSCD被引
1
次
|
|
|
|
|
8.
中国科学院动物研究所.
鸟类是否具有语言,2011
|
CSCD被引
1
次
|
|
|
|
|
9.
Flin R. Behavioral markers for crew resource management: A review of current practice.
The International Journal of Aviation Psychology,2001,11(1):95-118
|
CSCD被引
2
次
|
|
|
|
|
10.
Bickel W K. The behavioraland neuro-economic process of temporal discounting: A candidate behavioral marker of addiction.
Neuropharmacology,2014,76:518-527
|
CSCD被引
5
次
|
|
|
|
|
11.
Zoladz P R. Current status on behavioral and biological markers of PTSD: a search for clarity in a conflicting literature.
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews,2013,37(5):860-895
|
CSCD被引
2
次
|
|
|
|
|
12.
Shvil E. Neural, psychophysiological, and behavioral markers of fear processing in PTSD:A review of the literature.
Current psychiatry reports,2013,15(5):358
|
CSCD被引
2
次
|
|
|
|
|
13.
Depatie L. Nicotine and behavioral markers of risk for schizophrenia: A doubleblind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study.
Neuropsychopharmacology,2002,27(6):1056-1070
|
CSCD被引
3
次
|
|
|
|
|
14.
Bernstein G A. Use of computer vision tools to identify behavioral markers of pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: A pilot study.
Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology,2017,27(2):140-147
|
CSCD被引
2
次
|
|
|
|
|
15.
O'Connor P. The development of a prototype behavioral marker system for US Navy officers of the deck.
Safety Science,2011,49(10):1381-1387
|
CSCD被引
1
次
|
|
|
|
|
16.
Rosen M A. Managing adaptive performance in teams: Guiding principles and behavioral markers for measurement.
Human resource management review,2011,21(2):107-122
|
CSCD被引
2
次
|
|
|
|
|
17.
Helmreich R L. Why crew resource management? Empirical and theoretical bases of human factors training in aviation.
Cockpit Resource Management,1993
|
CSCD被引
1
次
|
|
|
|
|
18.
安德烈·马尔罗. 电影心理学概说.
世界电影,1990(2):227-240
|
CSCD被引
1
次
|
|
|
|
|
19.
凤凰娱乐.
王家卫谈华语影人国际化之路,2016
|
CSCD被引
1
次
|
|
|
|
|
20.
Frederick S. Time discounting and time preference: A critical review.
Journal of Economic Literature,2002,40(2):351-401
|
CSCD被引
89
次
|
|
|
|
|
了解气象卫星更多信息，请访问