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情绪调节研究方法的蜕变: 从有意情绪调节到自动化情绪调节
The progress of emotion regulation methods and paradigms: From voluntary emotion regulation to automatic emotion regulation

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文摘 寻找有效的情绪调节方式对人们理解情绪调节的机制以及治疗抑郁症等心理疾病都有着重要的意义.由于传统的有意情绪调节具有消耗认知资源的缺陷,近些年越来越多的研究者开始关注较少地乃至不消耗认知资源即可降低情绪负面反应的情绪调节——自动化情绪调节.自动化情绪调节良好的调节效果已被研究者证实,但自动化情绪调节的研究方法与调节方式尚未得到系统阐述.本文系统阐述了自动化情绪调节的研究方法,并将自动化情绪调节的相关研究按照实验任务类型进行了分类,发现该领域研究范式可划分为3种任务类型,即句子整理任务、词语配对任务和执行意图范式,并由此重点对比了自动化情绪调节在3种任务类型下的操纵方式、行为及生理反应.结果发现,相比于前两种无意识启动的任务,执行意图范式可以帮助个体在不消耗认知资源条件下进行有意识情绪调节.更为重要的是, 3种任务对自动化情绪调节的操纵有着相同的内在机制,即情绪调节目标的启动.据此,本文进一步提出了将自动化情绪调节与心理学疗法相结合的设想,这可能为抑郁症等心理疾病的治疗提供新的思路.
其他语种文摘 Many psychological disorders are characterized by difficulties in emotion regulation. As a result, finding an effective way of emotional regulation has significant implications for people's understanding of emotional regulation mechanism and for the treatment of psychological disorders. Voluntary emotion regulation typically refers to effortful and controlled processes based on consciously intended strategies. Many previous studies have shown that voluntary emotion regulation is effective in reducing individuals' negative emotional responses. However, its regulatory effects always come with the cognitive costs that limit its clinical application. Recently, researchers have begun to pay attention to automatic emotion regulation that can reduce the negative emotional responses without cognitive resource consumption. Automatic emotion regulation (AER) is characterized by goal-driven changes to human emotions without a conscious decision to do so and without engaging in deliberate control. This characteristic has been suggested to be critical for the psychological well-being of human beings. Though the regulatory effects of AER have been suggested to be effective and cost-free, its research methods and paradigms have not yet to be systematically elaborated to date. After systematic review of existing studies of AER, we consider that automatic goal pursuit constitutes the common theoretical foundation of AER. Early studies mainly used individual differences method to explore the relationship between spontaneous emotion-regulatory effects and physiological measurement scores. These studies found that emotion regulation can spontaneous occur without explicit instructions and individuals' abilities of spontaneous emotion regulation are closely associated with their scores on emotion-regulation-related scales. With the development of AER research, several experimental paradigms for AER are proposed and used constantly. Here, we summarized three types of AER tasks based on these existing literature: sentence unscrambling task, word matching task, and implementation intention paradigm. Then we compared the manipulation and the behavioral and physiological response of AER under these three conditions. The sentence unscrambling task/word matching task offers an implicit means to activate particular goals, motivations, or values, and thus circumvents the problems that explicit instructions can provoke. Implementation intention paradigm can help people form a potential link between situational cues and emotion-regulatory goals. By forming implementation intentions, people can strategically switch from conscious and effortful control of their goal-directed behaviors to automatic control of them by forming situational cue and goal contingencies. Therefore, compared with sentence unscrambling task and word matching task, implementation intention paradigm can help individuals to make conscious emotion regulation without consuming cognitive resources. More importantly, the three AER tasks may share the same internal mechanism: automatic priming of emotion-regulatory goals. We hope that our findings can shed light on the clinical application of AER in psychological therapy. Based on the findings, we further propose some concrete suggestions in combining AER with psychological therapy and provide a new idea for the treatment of mental illnesses.
来源 科学通报 ,2018,63(4):415-424 【核心库】
DOI 10.1360/N972017-00727
关键词 自动化情绪调节 ; 目标追求 ; 句子整理任务 ; 词语配对 ; 执行意图
地址

西南大学心理学部, 认知与人格教育部重点实验室, 重庆, 400715

语种 中文
文献类型 综述型
ISSN 0023-074X
学科 社会科学总论
基金 国家自然科学基金
文献收藏号 CSCD:6185577

参考文献 共 83 共5页

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引证文献 6 篇

1 王巧婷 自动情绪调节对负性情绪面孔注意偏向的影响 心理科学,2019,42(3):550-555
CSCD被引 2 次

2 张凯乐 面向情绪调节的多模态人机交互技术 中国图象图形学报,2020,25(11):2451-2464
CSCD被引 3 次

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