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肠道微生物与皮肤疾病——肠-脑-皮轴研究进展
Gut microbes and skin disease,gut-brain-skin axis: A review

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段云峰   金锋 *  
文摘 皮肤疾病,特别是湿疹、皮炎和痤疮等不仅影响个人形象,还可引起躯体感觉不适或精神异常.皮肤疾病影响人群广泛,病因复杂,复发率高,全球范围内患病人数不断增加.皮肤疾病与心理疾病之间存在密切联系,并且心理疾病的患病比例增长趋势也很明显.近年来的研究表明,肠道状态、肠道微生物以及心理疾病与皮肤疾病的关联称作肠道-大脑-皮肤轴(肠-脑-皮轴).肠道微生物可影响皮肤疾病的发生,并且精神状态与肠道微生物健康状况可折射皮肤健康状况.反之,皮肤状况也可作为精神状态和肠道微生物健康状况的评估参照.饮食是通过肠-脑-皮轴影响皮肤的重要因素,而心理因素对皮肤健康的影响也不能忽视.通过将肠道和皮肤微生物、肠道状态、大脑以及皮肤作为一个系统,而非独立对待,进而围绕肠-脑-皮轴进行干预将是解决皮肤疾病的重要方法.未来皮肤病的治疗趋势是将饮食、益生菌、益生元、药物和心理健康等方式综合运用.本文将重点介绍人类第二基因组—人体微生物组、肠道-大脑-皮肤轴与皮肤疾病的关系以及相互影响有关的研究进展.
其他语种文摘 Skin disease, especially eczema, dermatitis and acne, may damage appearance of people, and cause physical discomfort or mental disorders. The prevalence rate is increasing sharply and globally that has been affected all populations in the world. The diseases have various,complex pathogeny and high recurrence rate. Studies demonstrate that skin and mental state are closely related, emerging of skin diseases always accompanied with prevalence of mental disorders obviously. As early as 1930s,the dermatologist John H. Stokes and Donald M. Pillsbury at the university of Pennsylvania, proposed the gut-brain-skin unified theory. They found a close relationship between the brain and the skin. Recent studies demonstrate a mechanism among gut microbes unbalance, mental disorder and skin diseases, which has been postulated to the gut-brain-skin axis. Gut,brain and skin can interplay to each other. Psychological stress can aggravate a variety of skin diseases, particularly autoimmune skin disease,such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis,seborrheic eczema,nodular prurigo,lichen planus,chronic urticaria, alopecia areata and pruritus sine material etc. Skin diseases are also closely related with health of digestive system. There are high ratio gastrointestinal patients who suffered from acne simultaneously. Gut microbiota is also involved in the gut-skin connection. The number of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in feces are significantly less in adult patients with atopic dermatitis, than those of controls. The composition of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in gut of those seborrheic dermatitis patients are severely changed. Similarly,more than half of acne patients go along with significant changes in the gut microbiota. Studies indicate that both gut microbiota and mental status affect the occurrence of skin diseases. On the contrary, the skin condition can also be as a barometer of mental health and gut microeubiosis. The treatment through the gut-brain-skin axis can be an important intervention to cure skin diseases. Combination of diet,probiotics,prebiot- ics,drug and mental health status can be positive factors in skin diseases therapy. Diet may affect the composition of gut microbes directly,and light diet can reduce the acne rate. Probiotics,like Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus reuteri were reported to protect the function of intestinal barrier, help to reestablish intestinal microbiota ecological balance, and intensify the anti-inflammation effects. Some bacteria have tremendous potential in prevention and therapy of skin diseases, including eczema, allergic dermatitis, acne, allergic skin, UV induced skin damage and wound. Antibiotics can eliminate intestinal microbiota. Two weeks antibiotics treatment in mice may lead to reduce food intake,and messy, dull hair et al.,in the opposite, 10 days probiotics drinking recover hair status obviously. Besides, probiotics can also restore the stress caused skin neurogenic inflammation in mice. In the present review, we aim to focus on the following hot topics around symbiosis microbiome,gut-brain-skin axis and skin diseases- To consider the gut microbiota, the brain and the skin as one combined system, instead of single reason may enhance the effects of treatment. More study should focus on the interaction of skin and intestinal microbiota,as well as the interaction mechanism of the gut-brain-skin axis,especially immune system. We urge scientists and medical doctors to pay more attentions on this field.
来源 科学通报 ,2017,62(5):360-371 【核心库】
DOI 10.1360/N972016-00473
关键词 皮肤 ; 肠道 ; 大脑 ; 肠-脑-皮轴 ; 肠道微生物
地址

中国科学院心理研究所, 中国科学院心理健康重点实验室, 北京, 100101

语种 中文
文献类型 综述型
ISSN 0023-074X
学科 皮肤病学与性病学
基金 日本未来生命科学研究院资助 ;  中国博士后科学基金
文献收藏号 CSCD:5913500

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