饮食对自闭症的影响研究进展
Influence of diet on autism
查看参考文献182篇
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文摘
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自闭症是一种发育障碍类疾病,患者常出现严重的行为异常,丧失语言能力和社会交往能力,生活基本不能自理,并且可能需要持续一生的治疗.随着发病率的攀升,自闭症已经给患者家庭和社会造成了严重的社会和经济负担.自闭症的病因和机理尚未完全明晰,尚缺有效的治疗或干预方法.目前的研究表明,饮食与自闭症关系密切,不良的饮食习惯,食物中的有害物质,对营养物质的吸收、利用和代谢异常,可能影响免疫、内分泌和能量代谢系统,最终影响大脑的发育.食物是肠道微生物的重要影响因素,而肠道微生物对人体健康至关重要,且通过微生物-肠道-脑轴(菌肠脑轴)影响大脑的正常工作和发育.食物中的营养、促生长物质及本身负载的微生物为肠道微生物的生长和组成提供了充足的物质基础.饮食干预不仅能改善自闭症患者的营养状况,还能缓解一些胃肠道症状以及睡眠、刻板、自残、多动和暴躁等异常行为,甚至社交和语言能力等也有所好转.其中,给自闭症患者服用益生菌,在明显改善患者的肠道菌群的同时,自闭症症状得以改善.因此,将肠道微生物作为自闭症的诊断和干预靶标正在引起广泛关注,饮食、肠道微生物与自闭症的关系正在成为当前的研究热点. |
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其他语种文摘
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Autism is a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders, characterized by severe behavioral abnormalities, language and social communication difficulties, and unusually restricted, repetitive behaviors and interests. Some autistic children cannot take care of themselves, and the course of the disease may last for the person’s lifetime. The prevalence of diagnosed autism has rapidly increased over the last several decades, and the disorder has caused a serious social and economic burden to patients’ families and the society at large. The etiology and mechanism of autism are most likely the result of complex interactions between genetic and non-genetic risk factors. However, these are yet to be completely elucidated and effective treatment methods or interventions are required. The present research shows a close association between diet and autism, poor eating habits, harmful substances from food,abnormalities in nutrient absorption, and utilization and metabolism; all of these may affect the immune, endocrine, and metabolic systems, and finally affect brain development. The intestinal microbiota is significantly influenced by diet and is essential for human health. In particular, it can affect the brain’s normal operation and development through the microbiome-gut-brain axis. Nutrients,growth-promoting substances, and microbes in the diet provide adequate material base for the growth and maintain the composition of the intestinal microbiota. An intervention in the diet may not only improve the nutritional status of autistic patients but also relieve some gastrointestinal symptoms as well as improve sleep, inflexibility, self-injuring behavior, hyperactivity, irritability and other abnormal behaviors; in addition, social and language skills are also improved. Specifically after probiotic treatment, the intestinal microbiota and autism-like behaviors are all significantly improved. Therefore, as autism causes widespread concern, probiotic interventions and the relationship between diet, intestinal microbiota, and autism are becoming research hotspots. |
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来源
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科学通报
,2015,60(30):2845-2861 【核心库】
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DOI
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10.1360/N972015-00355
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关键词
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自闭症
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饮食
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益生菌
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肠道微生物
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菌肠脑轴
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地址
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中国科学院心理研究所, 中国科学院心理健康重点实验室, 北京, 100101
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语种
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中文 |
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文献类型
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综述型 |
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ISSN
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0023-074X |
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学科
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临床医学;神经病学与精神病学 |
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基金
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中国博士后科学基金
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广东新日生物科技有限公司资助
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文献收藏号
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CSCD:5545435
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