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岩溶地区坡耕地时空动态变化及其生态服务功能评估
Spatio-temporal dynamics and ecological service function assessment of slope farmland in Karst areas of Guizhou province, China

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罗光杰 1   王世杰 1 *   李阳兵 2   白晓永 1  
文摘 中国西南岩溶地区坡耕地受人类活动强烈作用,生态问题突出,定量评估其时空动态变化与生态服务功能,对于区域石漠化治理、生态建设、扶贫开发都具有重要意义。该研究以贵州省为例,利用2000年、2005年、2010年3 a多时相、多源遥感影像建立土地利用数据,结合坡度、岩性、聚落、交通条件,运用土地利用动态模型、综合热区域模型、生态服务价值模型,对2000年以来贵州岩溶地区坡耕地时空动态变化及生态服务功能进行分析,旨在弄清岩溶地区坡耕地时空动态变化的特征,为坡耕地管理利用提供参考。结果表明:1)10 a来贵州岩溶地区耕地资源减少0.44万km~2,80%是坡耕地;坡度6°~15°区域集中分布了最多的耕地资源;随着坡度梯度增加,坡耕地减少幅度增大,分布比例大幅下降;2)岩溶地区坡耕地分布与基质岩性具有明显相关性,灰岩地区坡耕地(尤其陡坡耕地)比例、数量规模明显高于白云岩地区;白云岩地区坡耕地较多地分布在缓坡地带;3)空间上,一方面,10 a来距聚落大于900 m地区成为坡耕地转出的主要区域,但目前这一区域的陡坡耕地仍较多,应加快其退耕步伐;另一方面,坡耕地退耕过程表现出明显的公路指向性,在坡耕地转出土地距公路500 m内集中了近30%的坡耕地转出土地,随着距离增加,坡耕地转出土地的比例降低;4)贵州岩溶地区坡耕地转出形成了2个热点地区:临长江的乌江下游遵义东北和铜仁、黔中高原面的贵阳和安顺市周边;5)2000年以来贵州岩溶地区坡耕地退耕产生了良好的生态效应,坡耕地转出土地生态系统的生态服务价值估算为4399.81万元/a。总之,岩溶地区坡耕地10 a来变化显著,生态效应明显,但现存坡耕地的分类管理、高效利用仍任重道远。
其他语种文摘 Slope farmland is strongly affected by human activity in karst areas of southwest China, which leads to prominent ecological problems. Quantitative evaluation of spatial-temporal dynamics and ecological service function of slope farmland in Karst areas of southwest China can be of significance in desertification control and ecological recovery, poverty alleviation and community development. Based on land-use data obtained from multi-temporal and multi-source remote sensing images in the years of 2000, 2005 and 2010, and with the consideration of slope gradient, lithology, settlements and transportation conditions, this study used the land-use dynamic model, integrated Hot-spot area model and the model of value ecosystem services to study spatial-temporal dynamics and ecological service function of slope farmland since 2000 in the Karst areas of Guizhou province (103°36′-109°35′E, 24°37′-29°13′N), China. The results showed that the farmland of 4.4 thousand km~2 had been reduced in the Karst area since year 2000, and about 80% of the lost farmland was from the slope area. The most farmland was distributed in the slope gradient from 6° to 15°. With slope gradient increasing, the percentage of slope farmland was reduced significantly. In addition, the spatial dynamics of slope farmland was correlated with the types of soil parent geological materials in Karst areas. The proportion and quantity of land loss in the slope farmland derived from limestone, especially steep slope farmland, was significantly higher (P<0.05) than the land in dolomite areas. There was more slope farmland distributed in slight slope of dolomite areas. Moreover, for the space distribution, the steep slope farmland was often located in areas far away from the settlements with most slope farmland located in the areas >900 m away from settlements. For these areas, changing land use should been accelerated in order to conserve the soils and vegetation. Also, road for automobiles had a strong impact on the process of land use change from agriculture in the slope farmland. About 30% of land in the areas <500 m away from the automobile road had been changed into other land uses rather than traditional agriculture from slope farmland. With the increase in distance away from the road, less land use changes in the slope farmland were observed. Two hotspots in northeast Zunyi and Tongren were Wujiang catchment closing the Yangtze River, and Guiyang and Anshun cities in Guizhou plateau, where land use was changed from traditional agriculture to other land uses in the slope farmland of Karst areas, Guizhou province. Finally, since 2000, land use change in the slope farmland from agricultural use had produced good ecological effects in Karst areas. The ecological services value (ESV) of the land use change in the slope farmland was estimated to be RMB 43,998,100 yuan /yr. In short, slope farmland in karst area has changed greatly in recent decades and its ecological effect is obvious.
来源 农业工程学报 ,2014,30(11):233-243 【核心库】
DOI 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.11.029
关键词 土地利用 ; 生态 ; 模型 ; 岩溶 ; 坡耕地 ; 热区域指数 ; 生态服务价值 ; 贵州省
地址

1. 中国科学院地球化学研究所, 环境地球化学国家重点实验室, 贵阳, 550002  

2. 贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院, 贵阳, 550001

语种 中文
文献类型 研究性论文
ISSN 1002-6819
学科 普通生物学;农业基础科学
基金 国家973计划 ;  国家自然科学基金 ;  国家教育部人文社会科学研究青年项目
文献收藏号 CSCD:5155662

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