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再探猜谜作业中“顿悟”的ERP效应
A Further Study of the ERP Effects of ‘Insight＇ in a Riddle Guessing Task

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文摘 采用事件相关电位（ERP）技术探讨顿悟问题（字谜）解决中提供答案后的脑内时程动态变化。结果发现，在250～400ms内，“有顿悟”和“不理解”比“无顿悟”的ERP波形均有一个更为负向的偏移。在“有顿悟一无顿悟”和“不理解一无顿悟”的差异波中，这个负成分的潜伏期约为320ms（N320），地形图显示，N320在中后部活动最强。进一步对“有顿悟一无顿悟”差异波作偶极子溯源分析，发现N320主要起源于扣带前回（ACC）附近。这似乎表明，N320可能反映了提供答案瞬间新旧思路之间的认知冲突，但是却不能真正揭示顿悟问题解决中思维定势的成功突破以及“恍然大悟”所对应的独特脑内时程变化。
其他语种文摘 Introduction Recently, Mai Xiaoqin et al. applied ERPs to examine the electrophysiological correlates of insight by providing a trigger （the solution） to catalyze the insightful fiddle solving process. The authors found that Aha answers elicited a more negative ERP deflection （N380） than did No-aha answers in the time window from 250 ～500 ms. The dipole analysis localized the N380 generator to the ACC. Thus, they argued that the N380 likely reflected an ＂ Aha＂ effect, and that the ACC generator might be involved in breaking the subject＇s mental set. However, the researchers only analyzed the ERP elicited under the conditions of ＂Aha＂ and ＂No-aha＂ answers, but did not include ERP analyses for the participants that were unable to understand the correct answers （ ＂Uncomprehended answer＂ ）. It is known that insight is a complex cognitive process, and there exists doubt whether N380 （the ACC＂ activation） would truly reflect the perception of cognitive conflict in the early insight onset. Participants had the Aha experience if they could understand the fight answer, but if they could not understand the right answer, they would not have the Aha experience and thus could not obtain insight. Therefore, analyzing the ERP elicited by Unknown answers was important, because it could further clarify the true meaning of N380. Method High-density event-related potentials （ERPs） were recorded to examine the electrophysiologic correlates of insight problem solving. One hundred and fifty interesting Chinese logogriphs were adopted as materials. For each trial, participants were either given an easy puzzle followed by a correct answer that was consistent with their initial thinking （ No-aha answer）, or a difficult puzzle followed by a correct answer that was consistent with an unusual interpretation, so that it broke the participant~ initial mental set （Aha answer）. Participants were required to press the corresponding keys to indicate whether they understood the meaning of the riddle, including No-aha answer, Aha answer and Uncomprehended an- swer. According to participants＇responses, EEG of the ＂No-aha＂, ＂Aha＂, ＂Uncomprehended＂ answers was separately overlapped. The averaged epoch for ERP was 800ms including a lOOms the pre-answer baseline. Results In 130 riddles, mean trials for 61,44 and 25, SE =5, 6 and 5, for Aha answers, No-aha answers and Uncomprehended answers, respectively. Mean reaction times （RTs） were （2,049 ± 561 ） ms for Aha answers and （748± 289） ms for No-aha answers ; other riddles were not answered correctly within 4000ms. From ERP waveforms, we found Aha answer and Uncomprehended answer both elicited a more negative ERP deflection than did No-aha answer in the time interval between 250～400 ms. In the difference waves （Aha minus No-aha answer and Uncomprehended minus No-aha answer） , the peak latency was about 320ms. A voltage map of the difference wave showed strong activity at the central posterior region, especially at the right temporal parietal. The Dipole analysis （ BESA software） localized the generator of the N320 （Aha minus No-aha answer） in near the ACC and the thalamus. Conclusions Our results indicated that Aha answer and Uncomprehended answer both elicited a more negative component than did No-aha answers. The N320 may embody the central locale of cognitive conflict that resolves familiar and new ways of thinking, as the participant attempts to comprehend the riddles answers, but do not reflect the breakthrough of the partici-pant’s initial mental set and the temporal course of brain processes corresponding to Aha experience in solving insight problems.
来源 心理学报 ,2006,38(4):507-514 【核心库】
关键词 字谜 ; 顿悟 ; 认知冲突 ; 事件相关电位
地址

西南大学心理学院, 认知与人格教育部重点实验室, 重庆, 400715

语种 中文
ISSN 0439-755X
基金 国家自然科学基金 ;  中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目 ;  国家重点学科（基础心理学）建设项目
文献收藏号 CSCD:2662955

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引证文献 18 篇

1 朱新秤 谜语问题解决中线索的作用 心理学报,2009,41(5):397-405
CSCD被引 5 次

2 邱江 字谜解决中的“啊哈”效应：来自ERP研究的证据 科学通报,2007,52(22):2625-2631
CSCD被引 12 次

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