铊的土壤污染及其环境影响
Thallium Contamination in Soils and Its Environmental Impact
查看参考文献23篇
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文摘
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铊是典型的毒害金属元素。土壤铊主要有自然风化和人为排放两大来源。世界范围内，铊在土壤中的含量为0．2～1．0mg/kg。贵州黔西南滥木厂铊矿化区土壤中的铊十分富集。土壤中铊的生物有效性形态特征的研究表明，土壤中浓HNO3可提取铊的“环境不稳定相态”含量14～124mg/kg，占土壤中铊的环境总量(21～282mg/kg)的60％～70％，而NH4Ac提取的可交换相态含量较低，为0．6～4．8mg/kg，仅为“环境不稳定相态”含量的1％～4％，水溶相态含量则更低，为0．01～0．22mg/kg。土壤铊具有被植物体优先吸收富集的特性。铊在甘蓝卷心菜中的含量高达120～495mg/kg(DW)，其吸收富集系数为1～10．7。因而，铊是一个易从污染土壤迁移至食物链中不可忽视的有毒元素。 |
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其他语种文摘
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Thallium is a typical toxic metal. Tl in soils is derived from natural weathering of rocks or minerals and anthropogenic discharges. The concentrations of Tl in the world soils generally range from 0.2 to 1.0 mg/kg. Tl is highly concentrated in the soils of the Lanmuchang Tl mineralized area of southwest Guizhou, China, ranging from 21 to 282 mg/kg. The study of bioavail-ability of Tl in soils shows that the concentrations of Tl are up to 14 - 124 mg/kg in the strong HNQ,-extracted fraction (environmentally mobile fraction) being 60-70 percent of the environmental total contents of Tl in soils, 0.6 -4.8 mg/kg in the NHj Ac-extracted fraction (environmentally exchangeable fraction) which is generally 1-4 percent of the contents in the HN03-extracted fraction, and only 0.01 - 0.22 mg/kg in the water soluble fraction. Tl in these bioavailaWe fractions is preferably up-taken by plants. Tl is highly concentrated in the crop of green cabbage with concentrations of 120 - 495 mg/kg (dry weight), and the enrichment factors are up to 1 - 10.7. Therefore, Tl in the food chain through the transfer from Tl-rich contaminated soils is a highly toxic metal which should not be overlooked. |
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来源
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矿物岩石地球化学通报
,2003,22(2):140-143 【扩展库】
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关键词
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铊
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土壤污染
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生物有效性
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有毒元素
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自然风化
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人为排放
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地址
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中国科学院地球化学研究所, 环境地球化学国家重点实验室, 贵阳, 550002
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语种
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中文 |
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文献类型
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研究性论文 |
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ISSN
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1007-2802 |
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学科
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环境污染及其防治 |
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基金
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国家自然科学基金
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文献收藏号
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CSCD:1330964
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