部总知识在解决加法文字题中的作用
The role of part-whole knowledge in solving addition and subtraction word problems
查看参考文献18篇
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文摘
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探讨的问题是部总知识是否制约着算术文字题的解答过程。小学4年纪学生(192)人和大学生(178)人被要求解答一步加法文字题。实验结果发现，正确列式方式受到已知客体集合具体特征的系统性影响，尤其是随着年龄的提高和练习程度的深入，这种影响越来越明显。这是部总知识作用假设所不能解释的。现根据集合在心理表征中的位置和表征强度解释结果，并在此基础上讨论了研究的实践意义。 |
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其他语种文摘
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In previous research on addition and subtraction word problems, people argued that part-whole knowledge plays a cru-cially important role, which is called part-whole hypothesis. However, there has been little convincing evidence to show the substantial influence of part-whole knowledge on children's performance. The present experiment was to test the hy-pothesis. Children in the forth grade of primary school and undergraduates were asked to solve one - step addition word problems ( correct answer is " a + b" , " a" referring to the first quantity occurred in problem text, " b" to the second quan-tity) . If the part-whole knowledge that is a type of abstract logic - mathematical knowledge discarding the concrete features of object sets, mediate children & thinking, it could be predicted that the correct answer was unanimously " a + b" or "b + a" without regard to the concrete features of object sets and the trend was more pronounced for undergraduates. The results showed that the concrete features of known object sets systematically influenced the surface of the correct answer, and es-pecially the influence became more and more salient with age and practice, which was called hypothesis of problem famili-arity on the surface of correct answer. The results were totally inconsistent with predictions. Therefore, it is necessary to doubt the part-whole hypothesis. The present research accounted for the results based on the position of object set in men-tal representation and representational strength. The instnietional implication was discussed at the end of this paper. |
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来源
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心理学报
,2003,35(5):649-655 【核心库】
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关键词
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部总知识
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数学认知
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算术文字题
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加法
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加法交换律
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地址
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1.
北京师范大学脑科学与认知科学研究所, 认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室, 北京, 100875
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中国科学院心理研究所, 北京, 100101
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语种
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中文 |
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ISSN
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0439-755X |
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学科
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社会科学总论 |
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基金
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北京师范大学青年基金
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国家攀登计划项目
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国家自然科学基金
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文献收藏号
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CSCD:1231655
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参考文献 共
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