高寒矮嵩草草甸大气—土壤—植被—动物系统碳素储量及碳素循环
The carbon storage and carbon cycle among the atmosphere, soil, vegetationi and animal in the Kobresia humilis alpine meadow ecosystem

张金霞曹广民周党卫胡启武赵新全

文摘	对高寒矮嵩草草甸生态系统中大气—土壤—植被—动物分室碳素储量及碳素循环进行了研究，结果表明，草毡寒冻雏形土土壤库0-30cm碳素储量为247．30tC／hm^2。土壤CO2平均释放速率70．94±54．76kg／(hm^2·d)，年释放量为6．630tC／(hm^2·a)，比退化草地4．620tC／(hm^2·a)释放量高。植物包括根系总固碳量为4．648tC／(hm^2·a)，动物亚系统中，藏系绵羊个体同化的碳素为7．562kg C／(hm^2·a)(成年羊)，作为畜产品迁出生态系统。生态系统初级生产固碳量占每年土壤CO2释放量的70．16％，占生长季土壤CO2释放量的96．43％，退化草地土壤CO2释放量比初级生产固碳量要低。认为高寒矮嵩草草甸生态系统土壤是大气温室气体CO2的小的排放源。
其他语种文摘	Qing-Tibet Plateau is the highest land in the world as well as one of the most sensitive regions to global change. In order to discover its role in global warming, the carbon storage and carbon cycle were conducted at the Haibei Alpine Meadow Ecosystem Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences for three years (1998~2000). COZ concentration was tested with CID-301PS photosynthesis apparatus .The Kobresia humilis alpine meadow ecosystem was divided into four compartments: atmosphere, plant, soil and animal. The C02 concentration was measured only in the air of plant canopy (20 cm above the ground). In soil compartment, organic carbon storage, physical and chemical properties of soil were assayed at 0~10 cm, 10--20 cm and 20 - 30 cm in Mat Cryic Cambisols soil. Moreover, the C,Q> releasing rate and amount were also measured. The results indicated that the carbon storage was 247. 30 t C/hnr in 0~30 cm soil depth and the average emission rate of carbon dioxide of soil was 70. 94 + 54. 76 kg/(hnr ? d). The emission quantity of COj was 6. 63 t C/(hnr ? a) from soil, but it appeared negative in winter. It was higher than that in degraded areas (4. 62 t C/dirn* ? a)). The fixed carbon of the plant was 4. 648 t C/(hm2 ? a) calculated through analysis of the biomass and content of carbon of plant aboveground and underground. We further calculated the result of carbon metabolism moving out of ecosystem and released into the atmosphere of every mature Tibetan sheep through an analysis of the content of protein, fat and hydrocarbon. The carbon assimilated by Tibetan sheep was 7- 562 kg C/(hnr ? a) transferred out from this ecosystem as livestock products. The fixed carbon by animal compartment occupied a small part in the ecosystem. It could be neglected. The total amount of fixed carbon was 70. 16% of the annual soil emission and covered 96.43% of that in the plant growing season. So the carbon balance could be calculated in the alpine meadow ecosystem. According to the formula, the result of net productivity of the ecosystem was below zero. The carbon released from the soil was more than that of primarily net productivity. It may suggest that the greenhouse gas CO2 was a small releasing source in the alpine meadow ecosystem.
来源	生态学报 ,2003,23(4):627-634 【核心库】
关键词	草毡寒冻雏形土 ; 碳素储量 ; 碳素循环 ; 矮嵩草草甸 ; 生态系统
地址	中国科学院西北高原生物研究所, 青海, 西宁, 810001
语种	中文
文献类型	研究性论文
ISSN	1000-0933
学科	植物学
基金	国家973计划 ; 中国科学院知识创新工程项目 ; 国家自然科学基金 ; 中国科学院海北高寒草甸生态系统实验站基金
文献收藏号	CSCD:1217431