江河源区“黑土滩”型退化草场的形成过程与综合治理
Degradation process and integrated treatment of "black soil beach" grassland in the source regins of Yangtze and Yellow Rivers

周华坤 ¹ 周立 ¹ 赵新全 ¹ 刘伟 ¹ 严作良 ¹ 师燕 ²

文摘	江河源区划场退化严重，超载过牧是主要原因，啮齿动物危害是重要原因，气候变化起了促进作用，"黑土滩"型退化草场的形成演替依照未退化→轻退退化→中度退化→重度退化→极度退化的方向进行。江河源区退化草场的治理应该以减轻放牧压力为出发点，防止退化草地面积的进一步扩大和蔓延，在此基础上，采用封育=除杂和施肥等人工调控策略，对不同程度退化草场采用不同模式进行治理，同时全面贯彻落实"草原法"和"草地有偿承包责任制"措施，以冬春草场为重点，合理利用草场，开展草场建设，增加投入，提高牧民文化素质，加强牧区人才建设，恢复治理"黑土滩"型退化草场，实现江河源区草地畜牧业的可持续发展。
其他语种文摘	The degradation situation of grassland is serious in the source regions of Yangtze and Yellow Rivers. Over-grazing is the main reason and rodent destruction is the key reason to this situation. Climate change accelerates the grassland degradation. The degraded trend of "black soil beach" grassland is no-degradation, lightly degradation, medium degradation, heavy degradation, and extremely degra-dation. The degraded grassland should begin to lighten stocking rate to prevent more degradation. Different treatments have been carried out to different degraded grassland with control strategies such as fencing way, weed control and fertilizing. At the same time, "Grassland Law" and "Responsibili-ty System of Repaying Contract of Grassland" should be carried out drastically in alpine pasturing area. The grassland should be utilized and constructed well, especially in "Winter-Spring grassland. Enough fund should be increased to degraded grassland. The cultural level of herdsman should be im-proved and person with ability also should be trained. All these will contribute to restoration and treatment of "black soil beach" grassland and to the sustainable development of grassland husbandry in the source regions of Yangtze and Yellow Rivers.
来源	生态学杂志 ,2003,22(5):51-55 【核心库】
关键词	江河源区 ; “黑土滩”型退化草场 ; 退化过程 ; 综合治理
地址	1. 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所, 西宁, 810001 2. 西宁市规划建设局, 西宁, 810001
语种	中文
文献类型	研究性论文
ISSN	1000-4890
学科	农作物
基金	国家973计划 ; 国家“十五”科技攻关项目 ; 中国科学院海北高寒草甸生态系统实验站基金
文献收藏号	CSCD:1210825